Comparación clínica en el manejo remoto del asma bronquial durante la pandemia COVID-19 entre dos terapias controladoras: fluticasona y beclometasona / Clinical comparison in the remote management of bronchial asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic between two controller therapies: Fluticasone and beclomethasone

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de control del asma mediante el uso del Asthma Control Test (ACT) y manifestaciones clínicas en dos grupos de pacientes tratados con diferentes corticosteroides inhalados (GCI) fluticasona y beclometasona. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo y prospectivo en 521 niños del programa de asma del Hospital III Yanahuara. Durante el periodo de junio de 2020 a diciembre de 2021, se evaluó el nivel de control del asma mediante consultas remotas utilizando el ACT y la recopilación de hallazgos clínicos. Los pacientes se agruparon según el tipo de GCI que se encontraban utilizando. Se registraron los datos en dos momentos diferentes para cada paciente, con un intervalo de 4 meses entre cada control, durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y se comparó el nivel de control mediante la puntuación obtenida en el ACT y las manifestaciones clínicas entre ambos grupos de pacientes en ambos momentos del estudio. Resultados . Ambos grupos tuvieron un control óptimo al inicio como al final del estudio. En las manifestaciones clínicas no hubo diferencia estadística (P > 0.05) a favor de ningún medicamento en ninguno de los dos controles. Sin embargo, en el segundo control (egreso) se encontró una diferencia significativa de la fluticasona frente a la beclometasona (p = 0.030). Conclusiones . Se encontró que la Fluticasona tuvo una superioridad en el nivel de control del asma frente a la beclometasona. Sin embargo, el factor determinante para lograr un buen control es el uso continuo de cualquier GCI.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the level of asthma control using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and clinical manifestations in two groups of patients treated with different inhaled corticosteroids (ICG) fluticasone and beclometasone. Materials and methods: An observational, comparative and prospective study was conducted in 521 children in the asthma program of Hospital III Yanahuara. During the period from June 2020 to December 2021, the level of asthma control was assessed by remote consultations using ACT and collection of clinical findings. Patients were grouped according to the type of ICG they were using. Data were recorded at two different time points for each patient, with a 4-month interval between each control, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of control was compared by ACT score and clinical manifestations between the two groups of patients at both time points of the study. Results: Both groups had optimal control at baseline and at the end of the study. In clinical manifestations there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in favor of either drug in either control. However, in the second control (discharge) a significant difference was found for fluticasone versus beclometasone (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Fluticasone was found to have superiority in the level of asthma control over beclomethasone. However, the determining factor in achieving good control is the continuous use of any IGC.