Clopidogrel versus prasugrel en síndrome coronario agudo tratado con angioplastia / Clopidogrel versus prasugrel in acute coronary syndrome treated with coronary angioplasty

RESUMEN

Al uso del clopidogrel se han agregado nuevos antiagregantes como prasugrel y ticagrelor. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la incidencia de eventos isquémicos y hemorrágicos en pacientes que han recibido clopidogrel o prasugrel.Se incluyeron de manera consecutiva todos los pacientes con angioplastia durante la internación por síndrome coronario agudo entre diciembre 2011 y diciembre 2012.Fueron incluidos 398 pacientes. No se observaron diferencias en la mortalidad de causa cardiovascular (clopidogrel 2.5% vs. prasugrel 2.9%, p = 0.48). El grupo prasugrel presentó una reducción en la tasa de infarto (1.9% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.01) con sangrado totales (18.5% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.001) a expensas de sangrados menores (12.4% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001), sin diferencia en sangrados mayores (p = 0.27) y sangrados con peligro de vida (p =.0.20). Por análisis multivariado los predictores independientes de mortalidad cardiovascular fueron edad (odds ratio 1.08, intervalo de confianza, IC, 95% 1.02-1.16, p = 0.02) insuficiencia renal (odds ratio 6.98, IC 95% 1.23-39.71, p < 0.0001). En cuanto al sangrado total se identificaron la edad (odds ratio 1.06, IC 95% 1.02-1.09, p = 0.002), elevación del segmento ST (odds ratio 1.99, IC 95% 1.05-3.79, p = 0.02), insuficiencia renal (odds ratio 3.32, IC 95% 1.62-6.78, p = 0.002) y utilización de prasugrel (odds ratio 3.97, IC 95% 1.87-8.41, p < 0.0001). La utilización de prasugrel se asocia a una menor tasa de infarto agudo de miocardio al año de seguimiento, con incremento de hemorragias menores. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad cardiovascular entre ambos grupos.

ABSTRACT

Greater antithrombotic potency new antiplatelet agents have been added such as prasugrel (PR) and ticagrelor to the traditional use of clopidogrel (CL) in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was aimed at comparing the incidence of long term ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients treated with CL or PR during hospitalization. Retrospective ACS data base analysis performed by our cardiology service was completed prospectively. There were consecutively included all patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalization due to ACS from December 2011 thru December 2012. A total of 398 ACS patients who underwent PCI with stent implantation were recruited. No differences in cardiovascular related deaths were observed in both groups (PR 2.9% vs. CL 2.5%, p = 0.48). PR group showed less re-infraction (1.9% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.01) with more total bleedings (18.5% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.001) and minor bleedings (12.4% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001) with no differences in major and life threatening bleedings (p = ns). Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality were age (OR 1.08, CI 95% 1.02-1.16) and renal failure (OR 6.98, CI 95% 1.23-39.71). Independent predictors for total bleeding were age (OR 1.06, CI 95% 1.02-1.09),ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR 1.99, CI 95% 1.05-3.79), renal failure (OR 3.32, CI 95% 1.62-6.78) and prasugrel use (OR 3.97, CI 95% 1.87-8.41). Use of prasugrel, in the ACS that requires PCI with stent, is associated with a lower myocardial infarction a year after follow-up, and it also leads to an increase of milder hemorrhage. No significant differences were observed in the cardiovascular mortality of both groups.