Depresión en el embarazo y el puerperio: estudio de factores de riesgo. / [Depression in pregnancy and puerperium: study of risk factors]

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at determining risk factors associated to depression in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. By means of both observer-rated, and self-rated scales a 108-expectant mother sample was assessed by the co-investigators, interviewed by the principal investigator later on. The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule was used to obtain an RDC diagnosis. The same procedure was repeated 2 to 3 months after delivery. A greater exposure to life events, prior consultation for emotional problems as well as economic difficulties arising of late were all associated to depression in pregnancy and the puerperium. Getting separated from significant persons in a womans life, and/or difficult relationships with either husband or mother have been strongly associated to depression at both periods. As regards puerperium depression, several associations directly related to childbirth (having had a low-weight baby) or the postnatal period (lactation problems) were detected. Anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy have been also clearly linked to postpartum depression. The predictive value of such risk factors is discussed. It is suggested that questions on these factors should be included into ordinary health assessments of both pregnant and puerperal women.