Participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue: un abordaje desde la perspectiva de los diferentes actores sociales / Community participation in dengue prevention: an approach from the perspective of different social actors

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: explorar las percepciones sobre la participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue durante la investigación formativa de un proyecto comunitario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio conducido en tres áreas de salud de Santiago de Cuba durante el año 2000. Se combinan técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para explorar opiniones de los profesionales de salud, líderes comunitarios y una muestra aleatoria de población. RESULTADOS: Los profesionales identifican la no participación de la comunidad y sus propias limitaciones para involucrarla activamente en la prevención. Los líderes refieren falta de motivación, y la población vincula la eliminaci¢n del vector con el uso de tecnologías. Se perciben barreras en la aceptación de las actividades del programa de control y en general la participación es interpretada como colaboración. CONCLUSIONES: La población ha trasferido responsabilidad del control del Aedes aegypti al sector salud. Se evidencia la necesidad de unificar conceptos sobre la participación comunitaria y conciliar intereses entre usuarios y proveedores de los servicios para lograr una real movilización social (AU)

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:To explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted in three health areas of the Santiago de Cuba municipality during the year 2000. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to explore the opinions of health professionals, community leaders and a random sample of 200 people living in the community. Results. The health professionals who were interviewed judged that difficulties in Aedes aegypti control were due to lack of participation of the community and to limited knowledge of prevention methods. Community leaders considered that the population was poorly motivated. The randomly selected subjects who were interviewed did associate Aedes control with technological intervention. The authors identified barriers to acceptance of control program activities. In general, the concept of participation was interpreted as collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the community has transferred the responsibility for Aedes aegypti control to the health sector. There is an evident need for unifying the concepts of community participation, as well as for matching the interests of users and health care providers, in order to attain a significant social mobilization(AU)