Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas del club de adultos mayores de un centro de salud, Ecuador / Therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic diseases of the club of older adults of a health center, Ecuador

RESUMEN

El objetivo de esta investigación fue la determinación de la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedades crónicasdel club de adultos mayores de un centro de atención primaria de Riobamba – Ecuador, para lo cual participaron 25 pacientes previo consentimiento informado. Se empleó método subjetivo indirecto, basado en cuestionario dirigido a determinar características sociodemográficas de los pacientes, grado de adherencia terapéutica a través del test de Morisky Green y posibles factores influyentes en la adherencia, consideraron las 4 principales dimensiones establecidas por la OMS. Para análisis de resultados se utilizó SPSS-PC 24.5 Windows y niveles de significancia de 0,05 %. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de género femenino (80 %), un promedio de edad de 70,2 años y un grado de instrucción primaria en un 60 % de los pacientes. Se identificó que un 56 % de los pacientes padecían al menos dos enfermedades crónicas, resultando la hipertensión arterial la más prevalente (84 %); y un 64 % de ellos se administraban 2 a 3 medicamentos diarios. Se determinó que el 64 % de los adultos mayores eran inadherentes con el esquema terapéutico prescrito, encontrando que los factores socioeconómicos incidieron de manera totalitaria sobre los pacientes en estudio. Los factores relacionados con el equipo de salud, la terapia y los inherentes al paciente, incidieron en la adherencia terapéutica en menor proporción. (AU)

ABSTRACT

The objective of this investigation was the determination of therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic diseases of theclub of older adults of a primary care center in Riobamba-Ecuador, for which 25 patients participated with prior informedconsent. An indirect subjective method was used, based on a questionnaire aimed at determining the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, degree of therapeutic adherence through the Morisky Green test and possible influencingfactors on adherence, considered the 4 main dimensions established by the WHO.SPSS-PC 24.5 for Windows and significance levels of 0.05 % were used for results analysis. The results showed a predo-minance of female gender (80 %), an average age of 70.2 years and a degree of primary education in 60 % of thepatients. It was identified that 56 % of the patients suffered from at least two chronic diseases, with hypertension beingthe most prevalent (84 %); and 64 % of them administered 2 to 3 medications daily. It was determined that 64 % ofolder adults were inadherent with the prescribed therapeutic scheme, finding that socioeconomic factors had a total impacton the study patients. Factors related to the health team, therapy, and those inherent to the patient, influenced therapeuticadherence in a lesser proportion. The economic insufficiency to pay for the medications and the high-cost diets prescribed,turned out to be the variable with the greatest impact on therapeutic non-adherence, finding a direct relationship withthe degree of primary education that the study patients had mostly. In addition, all the variables reported in the study ascauses of non-adherence to treatment require directing actions aimed at strengthening a health system based on healthpromotion and prevention, in order to increase the quality of life of patients. (AU)