Grasa epicárdica y su asociación con marcadores de aterosclerosis subclínica y otros factores de riesgo en pacientes con síndrome metabólico / Epicardial fat and its association with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and other risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome

RESUMEN

Introducción La grasa epicárdica ha mostrado una estrecha asociación con diversos marcadores de aterosclerosis subclínica. Sin embargo, en pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM) los estudios son escasos y ninguno ha sido realizado en pacientes hispanos. Por ello decidimos evaluar la posible relación de la grasa epicárdica con marcadores de aterosclerosis subclínica y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con SM. Métodos Se estudiaron 115 pacientes (76 mujeres y 39 hombres, con una edad media de 56,9±8,6 vs 56,7±9,4 años, respectivamente) con diagnóstico de SM. Se recogieron variables clínicas (edad, sexo, antecedentes de tabaquismo, presión arterial sistólica [PAS] y diastólica [PAD]), antropométricas (índice de masa corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura) y hemoquímicas (glucemia, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos, apolipoproteína B [ApoB], apolipoproteína A-I [ApoA-I] y ratio ApoB/ApoA-I). Realizamos además un examen ecocardiográfico transtorácico y carotídeo a todos los participantes, y cuantificación del calcio arterial coronario en 79 pacientes. Resultados La grasa epicárdica mostró una asociación significativa e independiente con la presencia de un grosor íntima-media (GIM) carotídeo >75 percentil (OR 1,51; IC 1,22-1,86; p=0,000). Los valores de grasa epicárdica fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con presencia de placa ateromatosa carotídea (6,39±1,8 vs 5,14±2,4mm; p=0,007), incremento en los cuartiles de calcificación arterial coronaria (p=0,042) y con un ratio ApoB/ApoA-I elevado para hombres y mujeres (p=0,027, p=0,037, respectivamente).Conclusiones La grasa epicárdica mostró una asociación significativa e independiente con marcadores de aterosclerosis subclínica, así como el ratio ApoB/ApoA-I en pacientes con SM (AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction Epicardial fat has been shown to be strongly associated with several markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, few studies have been performed in patients with metabolic syndrome and none has been carried out in Hispanic patients. The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between epicardial fat and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods A total of 115 patients (76 women and 39 men, mean age 56.9±8.6 vs 56.7±9.4 years, respectively) with metabolic syndrome were studied. We included clinical (age, sex, smoking history, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference) and biochemical variables (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein [Apo] B, Apo A-I and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio). We also performed a transthoracic echocardiography and ultrasonographic carotid examination in all participants as well as coronary artery calcium score quantification in 79 patients. Results Epicardial fat was significantly and independently associated with the presence of carotid intima-media thickness >75th percentile (OR 1.51; CI 1.22-1.86; P=.000). Epicardial fat values were significantly higher in patients with carotid plaque (6.39±1.8 vs 5.14±2.4mm, P=.007), an increase in coronary calcium score quartiles (P=.042) and a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in both men and women (P=.027 and P=.037, respectively).Conclusions Epicardial fat was significantly and independently associated with several markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, as well as with the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in patients with metabolic syndrome (AU)