Transición epidemiológica en América Latina: comparación de cuatro países / Epidemiological transition in Latin America: comparison of 4 countries

RESUMO

Material and methods: Data was obtained from official informational organizations such as Pan American Health Organization, United Nations, Latin American Center for Demography (CELADE) and World Bank. Results: Guatemala is in a pre-transition stage with a high proportion of communicable diseases as causes of death (61 percent) as compared with Mexico (22 porcent), Chile (13 percent) and Uruguay (7 percent). Mexico is in a prolonged transition situation and Chile is close to Uruguay in a post-transitional stage. Despite decreasing rates of mortality, the proportion of deaths represented by chronic diseases and injuries has increased to over 30 percent in all countries,except Uruguay. Adjusted mortality rates for cadiovascular diseases are lower in Latin American countries, as compared to Canada. However, excepting Guatemala, there are differences in the pattern of cardiovascular disease, with a higher mortality due to cerebrovascular and a lower mortality due to coronary artery diseases. Conclusions: An increment in non communicable diseases is expected for the next decades in Latin America. Analysis of demographic and epidemiological transition is crucial to define health policies and to adequate health systems to the new situations