Incremento de la glucosa-6-fosfato-deshidrogenasa eritrocitaria en jóvenes con sindrome de Down tras un programa de actividad física de 12 semanas / A 12-week physical activity program increases glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity in Down syndrome adolescents

RESUMEN

Recientemente se ha publicado que las células trisómicas presentan una mayor sensibilidad al daño oxidativo, que podría justificar la frecuente asociación de síndrome de Down a aterosclerosis, envejecimiento precoz, etc. Para conocer el posible papel de la actividad física moderada en la mejora de la capacidad antioxidante se estudió el comportamiento de la enzima glucosa-6-fosfato-deshidrogenasa (G6PDH) eritrocitaria en 31 adolescentes varones (16.3 ± 1.1 años) tras desarrollar un programa de 12 semanas con tres sesiones (45-60 minutos) y una intensidad del 60-75% frecuencia cardíaca máxima teórica. Nuestros resultados indican una mayor actividad de G6PDH en individuos con síndrome de Down cuando se compara con controles sin trisomía ajustados a su sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal. Asimismo observamos un incremento significativo de su actividad tras completar nuestro programa de 12 semanas. Podemos concluir que la actividad física moderada mejora la capacidad antioxidante en jóvenes con síndrome de Down.

ABSTRACT

In recent years it has been claimed that trisomic cells are more sensitive to oxidative stress since there is an imbalance in the hydrogen peroxide metabolism. We designed the present study to assess the activity level of antioxidant enzyme glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) of erythrocytes in 31 male adolescents with Down syndrome (mean age 16.3 +/- 1.1) after performing a 12 week aerobic training program. First of all, a significant increase of 14.9% in the catalytic activity of G6PDH was observed in male adolescents with Down syndrome when compared with age, sex and body mass-matched controls without trisomy. After 12-wk program its activity increased significantly compared to baseline value in Down syndrome individuals. Our data are consistent with previous evidence of the existence of higher oxidative stress in adolescents with Down syndrome when compared to the general population. We may also conclude that G6PDH activity was significantly increased after a 12 week exercise program.