Tendencias actuales para determinar la degradación de los materiales metálicos de componentes industriales / Current trends in degradation assessment on metallic materials of industrial components

RESUMEN

En el trabajo se presentan las tendencias actuales en las metodologías para evaluar el daño de los materiales metálicos constructivos y la vida residual de las instalaciones de la industria energética, la del petróleo y otros procesos químicos. Se refirieren algunas de las ideas existentes sobre los fundamentos de la inspección de los componentes para detectar los defectos en el material metálico. Se describen los principales mecanismos de degradación de los materiales en esas instalaciones y se resumen las técnicas experimentales más empleadas in situ en el laboratorio para caracterizar esos mecanismos. Se presenta un grupo de métodos de análisis que se emplean para evaluar la degradación de los materiales y la vida residual de esas componentes.

ABSTRACT

The need to assess objectively a structural integrity analysis in nuclear and thermal power-, oil- and chemical- industry systems, represents a large challenge for engineers and researchers related to Materials Science, equipment manufactures or users. These systems share many of their problems with regards to aging mechanisms of components metallic materials, high replacement costs and increasing requirements on efficiency and safety. This paper makes an attempt to give an overview of the current trends on material damage and residual life assessment for installations of power-, oil- and chemical industry. Some of the currently existing ideas on components inspection, as an activity for damage detection are shown. A summary on mechanisms of material damage and experimental techniques for their characterization is also presented. Finally, some analytical methods with wide appliance in materials damage evaluation and residual life assessment of components are described.