Cardamonin suppresses the proliferation of colon cancer cells by promoting ß-catenin degradation.

Aberrant accumulation of intracellular ß-catenin and subsequent activation of ß-catenin response transcription (CRT) in intestinal epithelial cells is a frequent early event during the development of colon cancer. Here we show that cardamonin, a chalcone isolated from Aplinia katsumadai Hayata, inhibited CRT in SW480 colon cancer cells that carry inactivating mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Cardamonin also down-regulated intracellular ß-catenin levels in SW480 cells without affecting its mRNA levels. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome prevented the cardamonin-induced down-regulation of ß-catenin. In addition, cardamonin suppressed the expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc, which are known ß-catenin/T cell factor (TCF)-dependent genes. Moreover, cardamonin inhibited the growth of various colon cancer cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in SW480 colon cancer cells. These findings indicate that cardamonin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent against colon cancer.