Associated factors with oral cancer: a study of case control in a population of the Brazil's Northeast.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the association between factors such as age, sex, skin color, occupation, educational level, marital status, place of residence, and tobacco and alcohol consumptions and oral cancer in individuals in a city in the northeast of Brazil between 2002 and 2012. METHODS: This is a case-control study. The case group consisted of 127 people attended at the Oral Injury Reference Center with histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The control group consisted of 254 individuals treated at the same center. The study considered two controls for each case. The cases and controls were adjusted according to sex and age. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed (Pearson χ2-test) to verify the correlation between the dependent variable (oral cancer) and the independent variables; odds ratio (OR) and the confidence interval of 95% (95%CI) were calculated. Finally, in the multivariate analysis, it was used as the hierarchical model with logistic regression to explain the interrelationships between the independent variables and oral cancer. RESULTS: Consumption of more than 20 cigarettes per day [OR = 6.64; 95%CI 2.07 - 21.32; p ≤ 0.001], an excessive alcohol consumption [OR = 3.25; 95%CI 1.03 - 10.22; p ≤ 0.044], and the synergistic consumption of tobacco and alcohol [OR = 9.65; 95%CI 1.57 - 59.08; p ≤ 0.014] are the most important risk factors for oral cancer. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that tobacco and alcohol consumptions are the most important factors for the development of oral cancer. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with this neoplasm after adjusting for smoking and drinking.