3',5'-AMP, adenosine 3'5' monophosphate; AMPK, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Blood glucose and lipid regulation; CDR, cognitive drug research; CDRI, cognitive drug research index; CO, crossover; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DB, double-blind; DER, drug extract ratio; Energy and physical performance; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FEF50, forced expiratory flow50; FEF75, forced expiratory flow75; FER, forced expiratory ratio; FEV1, forced expiration volume in one second; FEV1/FVC, ratio of FEV1/FVC; FVC, forced vital capacity; G115 standardized ginseng extract; G115, standardized root extract of P. ginseng Meyer; GACPs, good agricultural and collection practices; GMPs, good manufacturing practices; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein; HMPs, herbal medicinal products; HbAlc, glycated hemoglobin; Immune and cognitive functions; LA, lipoic acid; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein; MVV, maximum ventilation volume; PC, placebo-controlled; PEF, peak expiration flow; PEFR, peak expiration flow rate; PFTs, pulmonary function tests; PG, parallel group; PGC-1α, proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α; PS, pilot study; PaO2, blood oxygen pressure; R, randomized; RVIP, rapid visual information processing; S-SIgA, SIgA secretion rate; SB, single-blind; SFR, saliva flow rate; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SIgA, secretory immunoglobulin A; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein; VO2 max, maximal oxygen consumption; WHO, World Health Organization; pO2, partial oxygen pressure