Peptide derivatives of dermaseptin S4 in fresh bovine semen for bacterial contamination control: Physicochemical and structural characterization, antibacterial potency, and effects on red blood and sperm cells.

The objectives of this study were to examine the physicochemical and structural properties of peptide derivatives of dermaseptin S4, investigate their detrimental effects on red blood and sperm cells and ascertain their antibacterial potency to control bacterial contaminants in fresh bovine semen. The dermaseptin S4 peptide derivatives used in this study were K4S4, S4(5-28), S4(5-28)a, K20S4(5-28), K4S4(1-16)a, K4S4(1-15)a and K4S4(1-15). Peptides K4S4, S4(5-28)a, K20S4(5-28), K4S4(1-15)a and K4S4(1-16)a, with a higher positive charge, were the most potent against the bacterial strains tested, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), whereas S4(5-28) and K4S4(1-15), with a lower positive charge, showed the highest MIC (p < .01). Haemolysis percentage depended on peptide concentration (p < .01). The K4S4 was the most powerful haemolytic peptide, showing the highest haemolysis percentage at all peptide concentrations (p < .01). In contrast, S4(5-28), S4(5-28)a, K20S4(5-28) and K4S4(1-15) were not able to produce 50% cell lysis up to 100 µM (p < .01). All peptides reduced sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner when used in concentrations from 16 to 64 µM (p < .01). The highest reduction was seen due to K4S4 activity, and the lowest reductions of sperm motility were observed due to K4S4(1-16)a and K4S4(1-15)a activity (p < .01). Hence, we can conclude that K4S4(1-16)a and K4S4(1-15)a at a concentration of approximately 15 µM are the most promising peptides as antibacterial agents in fresh bovine semen, because at this concentration, they showed the most potent antibacterial activity against evaluated strains without significant effects on haemolysis or a reduction in sperm motility.