Quantification of soil erosion using 7Be in a steep watershed used for natural grazing in Brazil.

Cosmogenic 7Be was used to evaluate soil loss in a mountainous micro-watershed near Belo Horizonte, Southwest Brazil. Two nearby sites were selected, a reference site in a flat area and an eroded site in a hill slope. At the reference site, soil samples were collected monthly throughout the year in order to evaluate seasonal variations of 7Be inventory in soil and its relation with the precipitation regime. Additionally, rainwater was collected and the expected 7Be soil content was predicted. At the reference site, the 7Be inventory shows seasonal variations, in accordance with the rainy season, and its distribution in the soil profile shows an exponential decrease in depth (h0 = 6.9 ± 0.6 kg m-2; r2 = 0.97). At the eroded site, two soil sampling campaigns were performed in order to measure soil erosion in the watershed. The estimated net erosion was 42.2 ± 3.7 t ha-1, indicating the loss of upper 5mm of soil per year. This corresponds to soil losses in the area in the range from moderate to severe erosion.