XRCC2 driven homologous recombination subtypes and therapeutic targeting in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.

ABSTRACT

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with many patients facing poor prognosis, particularly those with metastatic or drug-resistant tumors. Homologous recombination genes (HRGs) are crucial in tumor progression and therapy resistance, but their clinical significance in LUAD is not well understood. In this study, we systematically characterize key HRGs in LUAD patients, identifying two distinct HR subtypes associated with different outcomes and biological functions. We establish a 5-gene scoring system (XRCC2, RAD51, BRCA1, FANCA, and CHEK1) that reliably predicts patient outcomes and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. Bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation highlight XRCC2 as a crucial biomarker in LUAD. Functional investigations through in vivo and in vitro experiments reveal the role of XRCC2 in promoting lung cancer migration and invasion. Mechanistically, XRCC2 stabilizes vimentin (VIM) protein expression through deubiquitylation. We predict c-MYC as a potential regulator of XRCC2 and demonstrate that inhibiting c-MYC with compound 10058-F4 reduces XRCC2 and VIM expression. Preclinical studies show the synergistic inhibition of metastasis in vivo when combining 10058-F4 with doxorubicin (Dox). Our findings present a potential personalized predictive tool for LUAD prognosis, identifying XRCC2 as a critical biomarker. The c-Myc-XRCC2-VIM axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming lung metastasis. This study provides valuable insights into LUAD, proposing a prognostic tool for further clinical validation and unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for combating lung metastasis by targeting c-Myc-XRCC2-VIM.