A review of Hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon canis in dogs.

ABSTRACT

Hepatozoon canis is a type of single-celled organism is spread by ticks and commonly affects dogs. It is responsible for causing one of the most significant parasitic diseases in dogs, called Hepatozoonosis. It is considered one of the most common causes of canine vector-borne diseases because it is closely linked to Rhipicephalus sanguineus (the brown dog tick), a species found worldwide. Hepatozoonosis caused by H. canis is prevalent in regions such as South Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa. H. canis often causes emaciation, anemia, and intermittent fever in infected dogs. The drugs used to treat H. canis infection in dogs include the combination of imidocarb dipropionate with doxycycline, toltrazoril, tetracycline hydrochloride, and the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.The primary solution to prevent the spread of infections caused by H. canis is to control the population of R. sanguineus ticks because H. canis is spread through ticks. This review aims to provide a brief overview of various studies conducted on the morphology, life cycle, hosts, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, autopsy findings, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of H. canis.