Decoding Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Biomedicines
; 12(9)2024 Aug 23.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39335450
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition initiated by the presence of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Underlying mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction, including impaired blood flow regulation, a pro-thrombotic state, inflammation, heightened oxidative stress, and altered vascular remodeling. These mechanisms contribute to vascular diseases stemming from PE, such as recurrent thromboembolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome, right heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. Detailing key risk factors and utilizing hemodynamic stability-based categorization, the review aims for precise risk stratification by applying established diagnostic tools and scoring systems. This article explores both conventional and emerging biomarkers as potential diagnostic tools. Additionally, by synthesizing existing knowledge, it provides a comprehensive outlook of the current enhanced PE management and preventive strategies. The conclusion underscores the need for future research to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness in PE.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Biomedicines
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Espanha
País de publicação:
Suíça