Chest CT assess the impact of omalizumab treatment on airway remodeling in refractory asthma.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the benefits of omalizumab treatment in patients through real-world follow-up and assess the impact of omalizumab treatment on airway remodeling using chest CT. METHODS: This is a single-center prospective, observational study included Chinese patients with refractory asthma who received omalizumab treatment from May 2021 to December 2022. We collected real-world clinical data, including their hospitalization information, pulmonary function, FENO, laboratory assessment, ACT scores, chest CT at baseline and every follow-up month. A comparison was made between the pre-treatment and post-treatment laboratory indicators, pulmonary function, airway parameters, and mucous plug scores under chest CT. RESULTS: This study included a total of 61 patients with refractory asthma treated with omalizumab. The study found that ①regardless of whether the treatment lasted for a full four months or not, it significantly improved patient asthma control scores and reduced hospitalization costs and length of stay (p < 0.05). ②After four months of treatment, pulmonary ventilation function examination revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in MEF75, MEF50, MEF75/25, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. ③After four months of omalizumab treatment, the ratio of wall thickness and outer radius (T/D) and wall area percentage (WA%) of the bronchial wall decreased significantly (p < 0.05). ④After medication, the expression of airway mucous plugs decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Omalizumab treatment can reduce airway wall thickness, decrease the percentage of airway wall area, and the expression of airway mucous plugs, thereby improving airflow limitation. Utilizing chest CT provides a novel and intuitive assessment of the efficacy of omalizumab treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, the number is ChiCTR2100046343.