Association of Vitamin D and magnesium levels with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the association between serum magnesium and Vitamin D levels with the severity and mortality by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. METHOD: Men and women over 18 years of age with probable COVID-19 were enrolled in a case-control study. Patients with a positive or negative test for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were allocated into case or control groups, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by concentrations < 20 ng/mL and hypomagnesemia by serum levels < 1.8 mg/dL. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients, 30 women and 24 men, were enrolled and allocated into the groups with (n = 27) and without (n = 27) COVID-19. The logistic regression analysis showed that Vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.32-28.34) and insufficiency (OR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.60) are significantly associated with hospitalization. However, Vitamin D disorders and hypomagnesemia were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study revealed that Vitamin D disturbances, but not hypomagnesemia, are associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina D y de magnesio con la gravedad y la mortalidad de la COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODO: Hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años con probable COVID-19 fueron enrolados en un estudio de casos y controles. Los pacientes con una prueba positiva o negativa para SARS-CoV-2 fueron asignados en los grupos de casos y de controles, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Un total de 54 pacientes, 30 mujeres y 24 hombres, fueron enrolados y asignados a los grupos COVID-19 (n = 27) y control (n = 27). El análisis de regresión logística mostró que la deficiencia de vitamina D (odds ratio [OR] 6.13; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 1.32-28.34) y la insuficiencia de vitamina D (OR 0.12; IC95% 0.02-0.60) se asocian significativamente con hospitalización. Sin embargo, las alteraciones de la vitamina D y la hipomagnesemia no se asociaron con mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del presente estudio revelaron que las alteraciones de la vitamina D, pero no la hipomagnesemia, se asocian con la gravedad de la COVID-19.