Corowa-kun: Impact of a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot on vaccine hesitancy, Japan 2021

ABSTRACT

BackgroundFew studies have assessed how mobile messenger apps affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We created a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot in a popular messenger app in Japan to answer commonly asked questions. MethodsLINE is the most popular messenger app in Japan. Corowa-kun, a free chatbot, was created in LINE on February 6, 2021. Corowa-kun provides instant, automated answers to frequently asked COVID-19 vaccine questions. In addition, a cross-sectional survey assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was conducted via Corowa-kun during April 5-12, 2021. ResultsA total of 59,676 persons used Corowa-kun during February-April 2021. Of them, 10,192 users (17%) participated in the survey. Median age was 55 years (range 16-97), and most were female (74%). Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine increased from 59% to 80% after using Corowa-kun (p < 0.01). Overall, 20% remained hesitant 16% (1,675) were unsure, and 4% (364) did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy were age 16 to 34 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidential interval [CI] 3.0-4.6, compared to age [≥]65), female sex (OR = 2.4, Cl 2.1-2.8), and history of a previous vaccine side-effect (OR = 2.5, Cl 2.2-2.9). Being a physician (OR = 0.2, Cl 0.1-0.4) and having received a flu vaccine the prior season (OR = 0.4, Cl 0.3-0.4) were protective. ConclusionsCorowa-kun reduced vaccine hesitancy by providing COVID-19 vaccine information in a messenger app. Mobile messenger apps could be leveraged to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.