STUDIES ON MILK SUBSTITUTES Ⅱ. Milk substitute formula No. 5410, its preparation and nutritional composition / 营养学报

ABSTRACT

A milk substitute for infant feeding has been prepared using(parts by weight) soybean flour 28.0, rice flour 45.0, egg-yolk powder 5.0, cane sugar 16.5, soybean oil 3.0, "fermented millet" 0.5, bone meal 1.5 and salt 0.5. Vanilla powder was added as the flavoring material.Soybean was soaked in water for 4 hrs., steamed under atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes and dried at 70-80℃ before milling. Bone meal was prepared from degelatinized animal bones, the by-product of a glue fatctory, Which have been treated with steam under 20-25 lbs. of pressure and repeatedly extracted with hot water for 10 hrs. "fermented millet" was prepared by innoculating the cooked millet with Eremothecium ashbyii as reported by Liu.The ingradients are mixed, pressed slightly into the form of small cubes, steamed and dried. When using, the proper number of cubes are mixed with the desired amount of water, cooked over a gentle fire and then served in the form of a thin paste.The proximate composition, the mineral and vitamin contents of the products, per 100 grams dry Weight, are as follows protein 17.1 gms, fat 12.8 gms, carbohydrate 66.0 gms, crude fiber 0.82 gms, ash 3.25 gms, calcium 692 mgs, phosphorous(total) 330 mgs, (phytin)97 mgs, iron 5.9 mgs, thiamin 0.11 mgs, riboflavin 0.63 mgs, niacin 1.09 mgs, carotene 40.0 micro-gms, and energy 448 Cals.Aside from analyzing the product as well as the raw materials for the above nutrients, investigations were also made on the following subjects: determination of the essential amino acids, destruction of the trypsin inhibitor, availability of calcium and phosphorous, loss of thiamin, microbiological examination and soma physical changes of the product during storage.With respect to the adequacy of protein, 100 Cals. of the product would supply 3.8 gms of total protein which furnish all the essential amino acids to the amounts that a child would be able to obtain(per kilogram of body weight per day)from mother's milk.The product contains ample amounts of riboflavin, available calcium, phosphorous and iron to meet the diatary allowance of the infants. The amounts of thiamin and vitamin A are limited-the formet would satisfy only the minimum daily requirement while the latter is deficient by about 50％.Animal and human feeding experiments(to be published)indicated that this preparation promoted good growth not inferior to those fed on human or cow's milks. The cost of the new milk substitute is about 50％ less than the current prices of the present commercial products and about 80％ less than that of good grade cow's milk powder.