Development of the connotation of deficiency and excess and acupuncture reinforcing and reducing theory / 中国针灸

ABSTRACT

There are connotations on regulating deficiency and excess by acupuncture reinforcing and reducing in (), including regulating and , regulating blood and , regulating weakened body resistance and state of evil domination, regulating the deficiency and excess of syndrome. The deficiency and excess usually mean the objects received reinforcing and reducing, such as tangible blood stasis, pus, water, etc, and invisible . The deficiency and excess had always mean the symptoms of diseases since (), and the reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture was regulating . Therefore the connotations of reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture changed and there were complex acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulations. The various deficiency and excess connotations and stressing on acupuncture regulating made important changes for the theories and methods of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing which showed the profound impacts of the philosophical thought of monism in ancient China on acupuncture and moxibustion science.