Relationships Among Pubertal Development, Anthropometric Measurement, Bone Mineral Density in Males and Females 7-23 Years of Age / 대한내분비학회지

ABSTRACT

Background: Maximizing peak bone mass is advocated as a way to prevent osteoporosis. As a prerequisite to the elaboration of any preventive program aimed at rnaximizing peak bone mass, it is important to determine how the rate of skeletal growth at elinically relevant sites, such as lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN), proceeds in relation to age and pubertal stages in both sexes. The present study was performed to measure bone mineral density(BMD) of Korean children and adolescents and to assess the influence of age, sex, puberty and body size on bone mineral density (BMD) during the period of bone growth. Method: Lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN) BMD were measured in 199 healthy males and fernales 7~23 years of age using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), Tanner staging(TS) was used to assess stage of puberty. Results: Anthropometric measurements generally increased with tanner stage in both sexes. Sex differences were observed. In males, compared to females there were significantly higher in height(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5), weight(TS1, TS3, TS5), dorsal hand skinfold thickness(TS1, TS5), and lean body mass(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5) while in females, compared to males there were significantly higher in BMI(TS4), skinfold thickness except dorsal hand and fat %(TS3-TS5), and total fat mass(TS3, TS4)(pregression analyses revealed a significant correlation between age and BMD(LS BMD, M adjusted R2= 0.60, F R2= 0.60), (FN BMD M R2= 0.58, F R2= 0.19). BMD increased with tanner stage(TS) in both sexes(LS BMD, M r =0.76, F r =0.84, p<0.001, FN BMD, M r= 0.73, F r= 0.55, p<0.001)(LS RMD, M TS2-TS3 30%, TS4-TS5 18%, F TS1-TS2 23%, TS2-TS3 27%, TS4-TS5 11%), (FN BMD, M TS2-TS3 17%, TS4-TSS 15%, F TS2-TS3 16%). Results of liner regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between tanner stage and BMD(LS BMD, M R =0.57, F R= 0.70), (FN BMD M R2= 0.53, F R2=0.30). Sex differences were observed in LS and FN BMD. At the TS3, LS BMD was significantly higher in females than in males(p<0.01), but at the TS1(p <0.05), TS3(p<0.01) and TSS(p<0.01) FN BMD were significantly higher in males than in females, The significant correlations were generaly found between BMD and anthropometric measurements in both sexs, also after being adjusted for age. Particularly lean body mass was highly intercorrelated with BMD in both sexes. Stepwise regression analyses demonstrated lean body mass was the only factor which significantly affected LS and FN BMD in males, accounting for 74% and 70% of the variability respectively. In females, tanner stage, height and hip circum- ference were factors which significantly affected LS BMD, accounting for 70% of the variability while at the FN BMD, body weight accounted for 50% of the variability.

Conclusion:

Growth of bone was heterogenerous in terrns of sex, magnitude, and localization. There were sex and puberty differences in BMD at any sites, and several identifiable characteristics among anthropometric variables which appear to exert differential effects on skeletal development. Finally, data presented in this paper are cross-sectional therefore It remains to be determined whether these same variables contribute to longitudinal skeletal changes associated with growth.