Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism in children / 国际儿科学杂志

ABSTRACT

The incidence of pulmonary embolism in children is low, but the mortality rate is high.In children, pulmonary embolism(PE)is characteristically seen in combination with serious underlying medical disorders, most commonly in children with congenital heart disease, central venous catheters, and infection.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism in children are atypical and difficult to distinguish from respiratory infections.Diagnostic test is necessary, especially with the lack of clinical prediction rules.In recent years, CT pulmonary angiography has replaced pulmonary angiography and become the first choice for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in children.Because of the lack of large sample studies in children, therapy recommendations are obtained from adult clinical trials and a few smaller pediatric studies.Treatment methods include anticoagulation, thrombolysis and surgical thrombectomy.This article reviews the high-risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of children with pulmonary embolism.