The correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin level in the late pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus patients and fetal weights, neonatal Apgar scores, maternal and infant adverse outcomes

Xiufeng YIN; Meijuan HUA; Hongdi ZHU

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) level in the late pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients and fetal weights, neonatal Apgar scores, maternal and infant adverse outcomes.

Methods:

One hundred and eighty-seven pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM from January 2015 to July 2019 and delivered in Yixing People′s Hospital after standard diagnosis and treatment were divided into four groups (A group HbA 1c<6.0%, 65 cases; B group HbA 1c 6.0% - 6.5%, 49 cases; C group HbA 1c 6.6%-7.0%, 39 cases; D group HbA 1c>7.0%, 34 cases) according to the HbA 1c examination results at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation. General data, fetal weights, neonatal Apgar scores and maternal and infant adverse outcomes were compared among the four groups. The correlation between GDM HbA 1c and fetal weights, neonatal Apgar scores and maternal and infant adverse outcomes were analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression.

Results:

In general data of GDM pregnant women with different HbA 1c levels, only oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fasting blood glucose (4.68 ± 0.60), (4.89 ± 0.69), (5.23 ± 0.90), (6.48 ± 2.17) mmol/L; postprandial 1 h blood glucose (9.84 ± 1.56), (10.09 ± 1.84), (10.6 ± 2.01), (12.74 ± 4.12) mmol/L; postprandial 2 h blood glucose (8.65 ± 1.49), (8.86 ± 1.76), (9.28 ± 2.15), (11.56 ± 4.93) mmol/L, showed statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Among the newborns of GDM pregnant women with different HbA 1c levels, there were statistically significant differences in the macrosomic infant rates 1.54%(1/65), 10.20%(5/49), 12.82%(5/39), 17.65%(6/34); rates of neonatal Apgar scores<7 points13.85%(9/65), 16.33%(8/49), 25.64%(10/39), 44.12%(15/34); the proportion of maternal and infant adverse

outcomes:

24.62%(16/65), 24.49%(12/49), 28.21%(11/39), 50.00%(17/34), showed statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). After adjusting OGTT by unconditional Logistic regression analysis, HbA 1c (6.6%-7.0% and>7.0%) was independent risk factor for macrosomic infants OR = 1.430, 95% CI = 1.035-1.977, P = 0.030; OR = 2.042, 95% CI = 1.311-3.180, P = 0.001; maternal and infant adverse

outcomes:

OR = 1.774, 95% CI = 1.130-2.874, P = 0.010; OR = 3.387, 95% CI = 1.608-7.133, P = 0.001. HbA 1c>7.0% was independent risk factors for neonatal Apgar scores<7 points OR = 1.848 95% CI = 1.086-3.143, P = 0.023.

Conclusions:

There was a significant correlation between HbA 1c in GDM pregnant women in the late pregnancy and macrosomic infants, neonatal Apgar scores, and maternal and infant adverse outcomes. In particular, GDM pregnant women with HbA 1c>7.0% should be alert to the risk of macrosomic infants, neonatal Apgar score<7 points, and maternal and infant adverse outcomes.