Historical Clarification and Review of Usage of Surgical Instruments in Mongolian Medicine from XVII to the XIX Century / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

ABSTRACT

@#History of surgical services in Mongolian medicine began at least from New Stone Ages (Neolithic Era). However, we decided to study usage of surgical instruments in Mongolian medicine from 1578 to the XIX century. Because, the third transmission of Buddhism into Mongolia occurred during the time of the Altan Khan of the Southern branch of Central Mongols, a descendent of Kublai Khan, tried to revive Mongol strength and unification. After that Undur Gegeen Zanabazar was also holding a religious service around his residence. Furthermore, in 1651 he established 7 parts of the Monastery including Financial, Lamasery, Food service, and Personal physician’s divisions based on his attendants, people, and lamas. The Personal physician’s division was one of the basis for the sect of “Four Medical Tantras”. Since that time the sect of “Four Medical Tantras,” had been spread effectively and many medical schools were established near the Buddhist temples in Mongolia. They respected “Four Medical Tantras,” and “Shun,” as the main scripts and focused to base it on their theory and practice. </br> During the research we identified that from the XVII century, Mongolian doctors and scientists wrote many commentary books on “Four Medical Tantras” and renewed some of the content of “Four Medical Tantras.” Especially, Agvanluvsandanbijaltsan and Jambaldorj wrote a medical and medicinal books including surgical instruments. Also Ishbaljir wrote practical book about internal medicine, surgical methods, and services. </br> The major conclusion to this study was that Mongolian nation established their own medical art, comprehensive knowledge, and surgical methods as well as updated surgical instruments during the XVII and XIX Century. Particularly, they could renewed surgical methods and surgical instruments, which came from Indian Ayurveda and Tibetan medicine.