ABSTRACT
Objective: To detect Candida species in the urine of patients living with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV); and correlate the presence of candiduria and CD4 counts. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 105 hospitalized patients from the Military and Central Hospitals of Yaounde; who either were HIV positive or already suffering from AIDS. The patients consisted of 63 females (60) and 42 males (40) giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.5. Midstream urine samples were collected from all patients and mycological examination of the centrifuged sediments was done. Patients with CD4 counts 499 lymphocytes/mm3 were a proxy control group. Results: 38 of 105 (36.2) subjects had candiduria. 71of the cases were asympto-matic. The percentage of patients positive versus negative for candiduria increased progressively from stage-A (5) to B (32) to C (63) HIV infection. There was thus a correlation between candiduria and the CDC disease stage. Its presence heralded an advanced immuno-suppressed state of the AIDS patient. Conclusion: In resource-poor communities; where viral copy and CD4 count determination are expensive; candiduria may serve as one of the indicators for anti-retroviral therapy. We recommend routine detection of candiduria in this high-risk group of HIV/AIDS patients
Subject(s)
Candidiasis , HIV Infections , UrineABSTRACT
The present study was designed to assess the value of self reported hematuria and dysuria in the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis at the individual level. A sample of 964 school children of grade 5 and 6 from 15 schools of the French speaking educational system in the Sudano-sahelian zone of northern Cameroon were submitted to a questionnaire related to hematuria and dysuria; and provided a urine sample each. The urine samples were processed using the dip stick and sedimentation methods; and the degree of microhematuria and oviuria determined. In all 964 questionnaires were collected; 843 urine samples examined for microhematuria and 871 for oviuria. The percentage of children reporting hematuria increased with the degree of microhematuria and the intensity of infection. Among the various indicators of urinary schistosome infection; microhematuria had the highest sensitivity (76); followed by self reported hematuria or dysuria (65); and dysuria (52). The specificity was highest for self reported hematuria; and lowest for self reported hematuria or dysuria. The efficiency of self reported hematuria or dysuria increased with the intensity of infection and was highest (100) for heavy infections ( 400 eggs/ml g urine). We advocate the use of self reported hematuria or dysuria for the assessment of S. haematobium at the individual level
Subject(s)
Dysuria , Hematuria , Schistosomiasis haematobia/diagnosis , SchoolsABSTRACT
Objectives To determine; if patients should receive chemotherapy on clinico-radiologic basis; without a histologic diagnosis. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective review of all cases of paediatric renal tumors collated from the pathology register at the Yaounde General Hospital and Yaounde University Teaching Hospital over a 15-year period. Clinical data and histology results were entered into an Epi-Info 5.1 database and analyzed. There were a total of 29 patients; 18 (62.1) males and 11 (37.9) females. The mean age was 6.4 years; median 5 years and the range from 1 to 20 years. Twenty-eight patients (96.6) had a palpable mass; 16 (55.2) haematuria; 8 (27.6) anaemia; 5 (17.2) weight loss; 2 (6.9) bone pain and in 1 (3.4) the renal mass was detected on ultrasound of the abdomen for suspected urinary infection. The symptom duration before presentation ranged from one to seven months with a mean of 2.5 months. Twelve patients (41.4) presented within two months. Results Twenty-seven (93.1) patients had malignancy; whereas two (6.9) had benign tumors. Twenty-one (72.4) had nephroblastomas; 4 (13.8) had lymphomas; 2 (6.9) had adenocarcinomas and one (3.4) each had mesenchymoma and angiomyo-lipoma. Survival data were available in 18 of the 27 patients with malignant tumors. Two patients with lymphoma survived more than 3 years (33.3) and one patient with papillary adenocacinoma survived 7 years (16.7). Fifteen of 21 patients (71.4) with nephro-blastoma survived past 5 years. Conclusion While nephroblastoma is the most common tumor cell type; lymphomas and adenocarcinomas occur in over 20of children with renal tumors. Therefore; prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; it is imperative to make a histologic diagnosis so as to determine the most suitable treatment protocol
Subject(s)
Child , Drug Therapy/radiotherapy , Kidney NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Une etude retrospective visant a evaluer l'interet du traitement chirurgical de la cryptorchidie a porte sur 123 patients operes a Yaounde pendant une periode de 10 ans allant de 1984 a 1994. L'analyse a revele que 93 patients (75;6 pour cent) avaient ete operes apres l'age de trois ans; au moment ou des alterations histologiques avaient deja compris le pronostic fonctionnel du testicule et augmente le risque de cancerisation. Des resultats comparables dans la litterature montrent l'insuffisance de l'information medicale sur l'age optimal de l'abaissement des testicules cryptorchides. L'etude fait des propositions pour un changement de comportement
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/surgeryABSTRACT
Une etude de fiabilite de 209 dossiers medicaux adresses aux consultations de cancerologie radiotherapie a ete menee. Une enumeration de toutes les informations d'origine ganglionnaire regionale qui contribuent a la connaissance du statut tumoral; des facteurs de pronostic du bilan d'extension et de la classification de la maladie maligne avait pour but final d'operer le meilleur choix de la strategie therapeutique. Un rappel didactique de la signification des principaux parametres a ete realise. Un accent particulier a ete mis sur la necessite d'une bonne documentation des dossiers apres que les raisons de leur mauvaise tenue aient ete relevees