ABSTRACT
Based on a survey of couples in long-term unions in Masaka and Lira districts in Uganda; we critically examine the role of gender inequality in the domain of decision-making about fertility and sex in the discussion and use of condoms. First; we document the sexual context and process of condom negotiation from the perspectives of women and men. Next; we test the hypothesis that increases the relative influence of women; compared to their male partners; in decision-making about sex and fertility should enhance the likelihood of discussion and use of condoms. The results point to barriers that exist for both men and women but show a clear disadvantage for women. they also suggest that; for both partners; a sense of control over fertility has a positive effect on condom use; and that the effect of women's empowerement does not seem to diminish the effect of men's empowerment