ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro interaction of some penicillins (amoxicillin; ampicillin and benzylpenicillin) and caffeine against Staphylococcus aureus. Method: The interaction between the penicillins and caffeine was studied using the Overlay Inoculum Susceptibility Disc (OLISD) method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the drugs were determined separately and in combination with caffeine (5 and 10 mg/ml). Result: At 5 and 10 mg/ml; caffeine decreased the MIC of amoxicillin by 22 and 25 times respectively; while that of ampicillin was decreased by 6 and 8 times. The MIC of benzylpenicillin against Staphylococcus aureus was; however; increased by 59 and 40 times at caffeine concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml respectively. The inhibition zone diameter increment above 19(index of synergism in OLISD method) was recorded only for amoxicillin at amoxicillin concentrations of 7.81; 15.3; 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the concomitant use of caffeine and the studied antibiotics may potentiate the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus; decrease that of benzylpenicillin and has virtually no effect on that of ampicillin. This implies that the intake of caffeine in form of analgesic combination or as tea; coffee; beverages or from other food sources may affect the effectiveness of a co-administered amoxicillin and bezylpenicillin
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin , Ampicillin , Caffeine , Drug Interactions , Penicillins , Staphylococcus aureusSubject(s)
Ampicillin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chronic Disease/therapy , Ciprofloxacin , Spiramycin , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
After chronic administration of crude Cannabisresin (CCR); (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) to Spraque-Dawley albino rats for 21 days; the changes in various haematological indices such as packed cell volume (PVC); total leukocyte count; differential leukocyte count; red blood cell (RBC) count; absolute lymphocyte count; monocyte count; neutrophils and eosinophil counts were evaluated. The results show that the haematological indices such as erythrocytic and leucocytic counts were not significantly (P 0.05) affected by the treatment with the crude cannabinoid resin treated animal groups for the first two weeks of treatment. However in the third week; results showed significant increases (P 0.05) in the above mentioned indices while eosinophils disappeared from the blood of treated groups. It can be concluded from this study that chronic administration of CCR at high doses (above 20mg/Kg) to rats has slight haematotoxic potentials
Subject(s)
Cannabis , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
The decimal assay for additivity (DAA) method was used to evaluate the in vitro interaction of glycine (Gly) with penicillin G (Pen G); cloxacillin (Clox) and ampicillin (Amp) against a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. In the interaction between Pen G/glycine with biological equivalent factor (BEF) 5 mg/62 mg; the decimal combination of 4 parts Pen G and 6 parts glycine showed amtagpmos; wjo;e ptjers sjpwed addotive effect In the interaction between Clox/glycine with BEF 1.26 og/62.5 mg ony 7:3 combination gave a synergistic effect. Others showed antagonism. In Amp/glycine combination with BEF; 1.74 og/62.5 mg; the decimal combinations of 4:6 gave additive effect; 9:1 gave synergistic effect while 7:3 combinaiton gave indifferent effect