ABSTRACT
Background:Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), has remained a disease of public health concern, with the largest burden being found in sub Saharan Africa. The advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the mortality of the disease, thereby transforming it to a chronic disorder, with significant co-morbid psychiatric sequalae.Objectives:To determine the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity among PLWHAattending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.Materials and methods:This was a cross sectional study of adult patients with HIV/AIDS attending outpatient clinic at the S.S. Wali Virology Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital who gave informed consent. Systematic random sampling technique was used.Patients aged 18years and above who had been on ARVdrugs for at least one year were included, while those who had a medical emergency and needed immediate attention were excluded.Socio demographic characteristics were obtained using a socio-demographic questionnaire and psychiatric morbidity was assessed with the MINI International Neuropsychiatry Interview.Results:Atotal of 420 participants were recruited in the study with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5 and mean age of 40.4±10.0 years. The prevalence of a psychiatric disorder was 22.1% out of whom 5.0% had more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Major depression was the most common (11%) psychiatric disorder. Generalized Anxiety disorder, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse accounted for 7.6%, 5.5%, 2.4% and 1.7% of psychiatric disorders respectively.Conclusion:Psychiatric disorders are common in PLWHA, with major depression being the commonest.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeABSTRACT
Background: Probably benign breast lesions in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS 3) constitute a crucial category and a considerable number of all palpable breast masses. Local data concerning the outcome of such lesions in the Nigerian environment is almost non-existent. Objectives: The goal of this article is to report the frequency, outcome and malignancy detection rate among palpable breast masses that were categorised on ultrasound as BI-RADS category 3 (probably benign) according to the American College of Radiology (ACR). Methods: Between January 2015 and July 2017, 603 patients had diagnostic whole-breast ultrasound scans. There were 277 women who complained of palpable breast masses, of whom 151 women were diagnosed as having BI-RADS 3 lesions. The final lesion outcome was determined by either biopsy or ultrasound follow-up examination for a total of 2 years. All data were recorded and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (Chicago, USA). Results: The frequency of BI-RADS category 3 lesions among all the women who underwent breast ultrasound was 25% (151/603); and 54% (151/277) in patients with palpable breast masses. There were 25 patients who were excluded because of incomplete data or who were lost to follow-up. A total of 122 patients had both ultrasound examination and histopathologic diagnosis, while only 4 were followed up for 2 years on ultrasound alone. Of the 122 women biopsied, 117 (95.9%) had benign histologic outcomes, and of the remaining 5, cancer was confirmed in 2 (1.6%), while the remaining 3 patients (2.5%) had lesions considered intermediate at histology (juvenile papillomatosis, borderline phylloides and atypical ductal hyperplasia). Three out of four patients who had ultrasound follow-up alone had stable lesions after 2 years, while one patient had complete resolution. Conclusion: This study found a significantly high biopsy rate of 80% (122/151) for probably benign lesions but a low detection rate for malignancy (1.6%). Follow-up with imaging rather than biopsy for lesions sonographically described as probably benign, will reduce medical costs and unwarranted invasive procedures
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nigeria , Patients , WomenABSTRACT
Lors d'un programme de lutte contre la bilharziose urinaire au Niger; il a ete procede a un controle de qualite au cours d'enquetes d'eva l u ation ech ographique de la morbidite due a Schistosoma haematobium. L'objectif etait d'evaluer la vari abilite et la r ro d u c t ibilite des donnees epidemiologiques fournies par deux observat e u rs independants specialement fo rmes. Trois types d'enquetes ont ete menes : etude de la variabilite inter- observateur sur donnees appariees; etude de la vari abilite inter- observateur au niveau communautaire sur les memes sujets ou des sujets differents; y compris apres traitement parpra z i q u a n t e l ; etude de la va ri ab ilite intra- observateur. Au total; 1416 habitants de 10 vill ages hyperendemiques; dont 70 p. 100 d'enfants scolarises; ont subi 1750 examens ech ographiques selon le protocole OMS du Caire legerement modifie. La vari abilite inter- o b s e rvateur au niveau individuel etait elevee pour certaines anomalies vesicales elementaires. Elle etait d'environ 20 p. 100 pour les deux indicat e u rs synthetiques que sont la presence d'au moins une anomalie urinaire et la dilat ation du tractus uri n a i re superi e u r. Au niveau communautaire; la vari abilite inter- observateur etait moderee et les deux observat e u rs donnaient globalement le meme diagnostic sur le niveau de morbidite lie a S chistosoma haemat o b i u m. Les vari ations de morbidite liees au niveau d'endemicite etait percues para llelement. Les memes observations au niveau individuel ou communautaire ont ete faites quant a la variabilite intra - o b s e rvateur. Au cours d'un programme de controle; les ultrasons sont senses fournir des indicateurs epidemiologiques de morbidite afin d'orienter les activites de lutte (selection des communautes a risque; periodicite des traitements). Dans cette optique; les variations d'eva l u ation de la morbidite liees a l'ech ograp h i s t e observees au Niger sont accep t ables au niveau communautaire
Subject(s)
Morbidity , Quality Control , Schistosoma haematobiumABSTRACT
Il s'agit d'une variete de grossesse multiple; survenant au cours des grossesses gemellaires monochorioles; mono amniotiques. Elle touche environ 1 pour cent des jumeaux monozygotes. L'incidence est estimee a 1 cas pour 50;000 naissances. Nous rapportons ici 1 cas de siamois decouvert a la naissance de l'hopital Gabriel Toure. Le diagnostic antenatal de cette variete de grossesses multiples peut cependant etre pose grace a l'echographie; qui permet en outre d'envisage la prise en charge pediatrique; chirurgicale a la naissance