ABSTRACT
This study determined E. coli resistance to commonly used antibiotics together with their virulence properties in Ile-Ife; Nigeria. A total of 137 E. coli isolates from cases of urinary tract infection were tested for their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics and possession of virulence factors using standard methods. Their ability to transfer resistance was also determined. The isolates demonstrated a high and widespread resistance (51.1 to 94.3 ) to all the antibiotics used except Nitrofurantoin (7.3 ). A total of 50 (36.5 ) of the isolates were resistant to 10 of the eleven antibiotics employed. Sixty three per cent (63 ) of the 107 trimethoprim resistant E. coli transferred their resistances while amoxicillin; gentamycin; augmentin; tetracycline and erythromycin were co-transferred with trimethoprim. Fifty one (37.2 ) of these multi-resistant isolates possessed one or more virulent factors. The study concluded that urinary tract infection due to E. coli in Ile-Ife may be difficult to treat empirically except with nitrofurantoin; due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. It is imperative that culture and susceptibility tests be carried out on infecting pathogen prior to treatment; in order to avoid treatment failure and reduce selective pressure that could result in the spread of uropathogenic E. coli in the environment
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Escherichia coli/therapy , Nigeria , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Purpose: The antimicrobial susceptibility of 149 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from faecal samples of children in Ile-Ife; Nigeria; was evaluated in order to determine their contribution to antimicrobial resistance in the community. Methods: The isolates were identified to the species level by conventional methods; and their susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion and to vancomycin by agar dilution. Results: The species distribution was as follows: Staphylococcus epidermidis 45 (30.2); S. haemolyticus; 26 (17.5); S. capitis; 24 (16.1); S. xylosus; 11 (7.4); S. saprophyticus; 8 (5.4); S. warneri; 8 (5.4); S. hominis; 6 (4.0); S. schleiferi; 5 (3.3); S. lugdunensis; 3 (2.0) and S. capitis sub ureolyticus; 3 (2.0) and isolates from other CoNS species 10 (6.7). Resistance to the Beta-lactam antibiotics was in excess of 50of the isolates tested whilst there was significant incidence of resistance to cotrimoxazole; chloramphenicol; tetracycline; erythromycin; fusidic acid and norfloxacin. The highest percentage of oxacillin resistance was found among S. haemolyticus (46.2) while the lowest was in S. capitis (8.3). Reduced susceptibility (MIC = 4mg/L) to vancomycin was shown by both oxacillin-resistant and susceptible CoNS species. Conclusion: The gastrointestinal tracts of children could serve as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant CoNS; some of which had reduced susceptibility to vancomycin