Prevalence of six Periodental Pathogens in Rwandan Women's Gingival Crevicular Fluide

Periodontium or periodontal tissues; are tissues that surround; support and maintain the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Like other tissues; the periodontal tissues are subject to a number of diseases. The most periodontal pathogens associated with periodontal disease are Tannerella forsythia check for this species in other resources ; Porphyromonas gingivalis check for this species in other resources ; Treponema denticola check for this species in other resources ; Prevotella Intermedia check for this species in other resources ; Fusobacterium nucleatum check for this species in other resources and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomutans check for this species in other resources . Female hormones have been suggested to play an important role in periodontal disease infection. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of the above periodontal pathogens associated with periodontal disease in a population of Rwandan women. This study requested the participation of randomly selected women admitted in the department of obstetric-gynecology of the teaching hospital of Butare in Rwanda. Gingival crevice fluid was collected from four teeth (16; 26; 36; 46) with filter paper strips by inserting the strips into the base of the pocket for one minute per tooth. PCR was used for the detection of the presence of the 6 target bacteria in GCF. F. nucleatum was the most prevalent with 86.2 ; P. intermedia (73.5); T. forsythia (47.6 ); A. actinomycetemcomutans (45 ); P. gingivalis (28.4) and T. denticola with (24.3 ). One hundred and eighty six (93.0 ) of the patients harboured at least one of the six periodontopathogens. This study showed that there is an urgent need to improve oral health care and research in Rwanda; on the African continent in general and especially in women who are more exposed to periodontal diseases than men

Oral Health Care Habits and its Role in Preventing Adverse Prenancy Outucomes in Rwanda

More than 20 million infants in the world (15.5 of all births) are born preterm with low birth weight (PLBW). Ninety-five of them are in developing countries and the rate of PLBW in developing countries is more than double (16.5) that in developed countries. It has been suggested that oral infection can act as the site of origin for dissemination of periodontopathogens and their toxins as well as induce inflammatory mechanisms to distant body sites; thus linking periodontal diseases to pre-term delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. The objective of this study was to assess the general oral health care habit of pregnant mothers in order to determine its association with premature delivering of low birth weight infants.Methods: Study participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to obtain information regarding their oral health care habits and the responses linked to their gestation term and time of delivery. In addition; their mouths were examined for gingival inflammation and / or bleeding which might be attributed to lack of oral health care. Results and conclusion: Although in this study oral health care habits of the mothers did not appear to directly influence the gestation period and birth weight of the infants; the resulting gingival inflammation and bleeding showed a significant correlation with PLBW (p = 0.004). Therefore maternal dental care during pregnancy and good oral hygiene habits could be highly recommended. Also more detailed examination and assessment of the oral health status of mothers with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes are needed