ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate HIV-1 incidence among adults and socio-demographic risk factors in a rural population in Uganda; a prospective cohort study was carried out. METHODS: All consenting adult residents in a cluster of 15 neighbouring villages of the Masaka District of South-West Uganda have been participating in annual socio-demographic and serological surveys since November 1989. Those who had a negative serostatus when they were first tested and had at least one serostatus assessment during the 4 years of follow-up (1990-1994) have been evaluated for HIV-1 seroconversion. Incidence rates have been calculated per 1000 person-years of observation and socio-demographic characteristics assessed for association with recent seroconversion. RESULTS: At the baseline survey; of 4175 adults with assessable serostatus (79of all cenused adults); 342 (8.2) were seropositive. During 12588.2 person-years of follow-up 89 seroconversions were identified corresponding to an incidence rate of 7.1 (95 CI: 5.6-8.5). Overall rates were highest in females aged 20-24 years (15.2) and in males aged 20-44 years (11.6). There was a significant interaction between age and sex; the ratio of the rate in females to that in males decreased from 3.3:1 to 0.5:1 with increasing age. Rates for males agedor =20 years were four times higher than those for younger males. Other significant socio-demographic correlates with risk included not belonging to the majority tribe; non-Muslim religion and length of stay on compound of less than 10 years. Incidence rates did not show any clear trends with time. CONCLUSION: These findings further emphasize the need for targeted interventions
Subject(s)
HIV , Risk Factors , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
The objective was to determine HIV-1 seroprevalence and individual subjects' assessment of their risk of HIV infection in a rural area of SW Uganda. In preparation for a trial to assess ways of reducing HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population; a serum sample was collected from; and a KABP questionnaire administered to all consenting adults in selected villages.Results: Data were available for 2108 adults from three administrative parishes. Age and sex standardised HIV-1 seroprevalence results ranged from 7to 11. In females highest rates were in those aged 25-34 years (20) and in males in those aged 25 - 44 years(1). The percentage of those who considered themselves at risk of HIV-1 infection was similar between males and females and higher in seropositive (65) than seronegatives (51); 12said they did not know. Of the 1108 considering themeslves at risk 51cited their partners behavior; 14(21males;9females) referred only to their own behavior; and 3gave both reasons; 21mentioned other transmission routes and these included insects (2) and sharing sharp items (4). For the 680 considering themselves not at risk the commonest reasons given were sexual abstinance (51( and avoidance of risky sexual behaviour (21); only 2said they used condoms. In this rural population; with an adult HIV-1 seroprevalence of about 10; half of the people consider themselves at risk of infection. Few of them (more males than females) consider their own behaviour of partners. These findings have important implications for HIV/AIDS control programmes
Subject(s)
HIV SeroprevalenceABSTRACT
The objectives was to determine HIV-1 seroprevalence and individual subjects' assessment of their risk of HIV infection in a rual area of SW Uganda. In preparation for a trial to assess ways of reducing HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population; a serum sample was collected from; and a KABP questionnaire administered to all consenting adults in selected villages.Results: Data were available for 2108 adults from three administrative parishes. Age and sex standardised HIV-1 seroprevalence results ranged from 7to 11. In females highest rates were in those aged 25-34 years (20) and in males in those aged 25 - 44 years(1). The percentage of those who considered themselves at risk of HIV-1 infection was similar between males and females and higher in seropositive (65) than seronegatives (51); 12said they did not know. Of the 1108 considering themeslves at risk 51cited their partners behavior; 14(21males;9females) referred only to their own behavior; and 3gave both reasons; 21mentioned other transmission routes and these included insects (2) and sharing sharp items (4). For the 680 considering themselves not at risk the commonest reasons given were sexual abstinance (51( and avoidance of risky sexual behaviour (21); only 2said they used condoms. In this rural population; with an adult HIV-1 seroprevalence of about 10; half of the people consider themselves at risk of infection. Few of them more males than females) consider their own behaviour of partners. These findings have important implications for HIV/AIDS control programmes
Subject(s)
HIV-1 , Congress , Rural Health , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
The objective was determine the HIV-1 Seroprevalence and individual subjects assessment of their risk of HIV infection in a rural areas of SW Uganda. In preparation for a trial to assess ways of reducing HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population; a serum sample was collected from; and a KABP questionnaire administered to; all consenting adults in selected villages. Data were available for 2108 adults from three administrative parishes. Age and sex standardised HIV-1 seroprevalence results ranged from 7to 11. In females highest rates were in those aged 25-34 years (20) and in males in those aged 24-44 years (1). The percentage of those who considered themselves at risk of HIV-1 infection was similar between males and females and higher in seropositives (65) thean seronegatives (51); 12said they did not know. Of the 1108 considering themselves at risk 51cited only their partner's behaviour; 14(21males; 9females) referred only to their own behaviour; and as 3gave both reasons; 21mentioned other transmission routes and these included insects (2) and sharing sharp items (4). For the 680 considering themselves not at risdk the commonset reasons given were sexual abstinence (51) and avoidance of risky sexual behaviour (21); only 2said they used condoms. Conclusions: In this rural population; with an adult HIV-1 seroprevalence of about 10; half of the people consider themselves ar risk of infection. Few of them (more males than females) consider their own behaviour a possible reason for this. Risk is more often attributed to the behaviour of partners. These findings have important implications for HIV/AIDS control programmes