ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cytology screening has decreased the incidence of and mortality from invasive cervical cancer in developed and even some developing countries. The story is still different in Nigeria because there is no national screening programme in place.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of cervical cytology and relate it to some known risk factors such as age; parity; age at coitarche; number of sexual partners and clinical presentation.Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 women were seen at two Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinics in Nnewi over a three month period (May-July 2005) were screened. Conventional method of staining was used. The first fifty sexually active women that consented to completing the study questionnaire in the two clinics were included.Main Outcome Measures: The work noted the pattern of reports in relation to some known risk factors and adequacy of the sampling.Results: Sampling adequacy was 93; epithelial cell abnormality was reported in only one smear; 58 were reported as normal; 14 showed benign cellular changes (i.e. infective); and 18 reactive changes (i.e. atrophy). Conclusion: Now that infective aetiology has been established in cancer of the cervix; the co-factors may be some of these causes of benign cellular changes of the cervix
Subject(s)
Obstetrics , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The Quinolones inhibit bacteria by interacting with DNA topoisomerases (gyrases) of which four subunits (two A and B monomers) have been identified thus; inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. High level resistance to quinolones can be produced by serial exposure of bacteria to subinhibitory concentration. A Total of 408 suspected UTI and high vagina swab (HVS) samples were examined for bacteria and the isolates obtained tested against the newer quinolones. Prevalence of Bacterial isolates revealed Escherichia coli 10(92) as the most isolated organism from urine; while Staphylococcus aureus 31(32) was the most isolated species from HVS samples. Bacterial species such as coliforms 55(70) and Klebsiella spp 42(84); equally had high prevalence rate in urine samples. Pseudomonas aeroginosa 19(66) was next to Staphylococcus aureus in terms of prevalence of isolated strains from HVS samples. The resistance pattern observed for these isolates; showed that the strains were least resistant to Ciprofloxacin; followed by Ofloxacin and Perfloxacin; while they were most resistant to Nalidixic acid. There was however no statistical significance P0.001) between the use of Ofloxacin and Perfloxacin; however; ANOVA showed a significant difference (P0.05) between the pattern of Klebsiella spp resistance against Perfloxacin when compared to Proteus vulgaris