ABSTRACT
Purpose: An investigation of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy women to ten commonly used antimicrobial drugs was carried out as a basis for a guide for empirical antimicrobial treatment using urine samples. Method: The samples collected from healthy women volunteers in Zaria were cultured and screened for S. aureus using standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was investigated using disc diffusion technique. Result: A total of 54(36) S. aureus isolates were isolated from 150 urine samples collected. Of the 54 isolates; 16 (29.6); 15 (27.8) and 23 (42.6) were from married but not pregnant; pregnant and single women respectively. The isolates were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin; gentamicin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin and pefloxacin in both groups (married and single). The differences observed in all the antimicrobial drugs tested for both groups were not statistically significant (p0.05). A total of 34 (63) of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance and only 6 (11) were susceptible to all the antimicrobial drugs tested. Conclusion: This observation calls for measures to reduce the reservoir of antimicrobial resistant organisms in healthy populations
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Staphylococcus aureus , Women's HealthABSTRACT
The dried latex of Jatropha curcas was formulated into ointments of 2.5; 5 and 10 w/w concentrations in hydrocarbon base B.P.C; using the fusion and levigation methods. The efficacy of the ointments was evaluated in-vitro using the agar diffusion method and cup-plate technique with the following organisms: Escherichia coli (N.C.T.C. 10418); Staphylococcus aureus (N.C.T.C. 6571); Microsporum sp.; Epidermophyton sp. and Trichophyton sp.; which were clinical isolates. For the in-vivo studies; volunteers with Tinea capitis from a primary school were used. The results indicated that the ointment formulations were active both in-vitro and in-vivo. The activities of the test formulations compared favorably with those from the standard formulations; i.e. Whitfield's ointment B.P. and penicillin ointment B.P.C. The results also indicated that the stability of latex was maintained within the ointment base over the nine months period of storage
Subject(s)
Jatropha , Latex , Ointments , Tinea CapitisABSTRACT
Stock and diluted 'in-use' solutions of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.3w/v and cetrimide 3w/v (savlon) and chlorinated lime and boric acid solution (Eusol) in three hospitals in Zaria were tested for contamination using standard methods. Both solutions of savlon were found to be heavily contaminated; but Eusol was not found to be so contaminated. The bacteria contaminants isolated include pseudomonas aeruginosa; escherichia coli; staphylococcus aureus; micrococcus sp. and bacillus subtilis