ABSTRACT
Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity .20% of cerebral infarcts are due to cerebral embolism of cardiac origin. Conditions associated with cardiogenic emboli are either rhythm abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation (AF) responsible for 50% , or structural abnormalities .Whereas left ventricle thrombus ,left atrium thrombus ,vegetation , tumor and protruding atherosclerotic plaque are considered as direct sources of embolization , others such as valvular disease , wall motion abnormality , atrial septal defect (ASD) , patent foramen ovale(PFO) , atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) are considered as indirect cardiac sources of embolization . In this article evaluation of cardiacsources of embolism and the role of echocardiography are discussed. Though both transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) play an important role,TEE appears to be more sensitive in identifying potential abnormalities in patients with suspected cardiac sources of emboli
Subject(s)
Cerebral Infarction , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Intracranial Embolism , SudanABSTRACT
Background : Cervical cancer is a preventable and the most common female genital tract cancer despite the availability of screening services for precancerous lesions of the cervix. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in women of reproductive age in Zaria.Methodology: A prospective study of 131 women of child bearing age attending the family planning and Gynaecology clinics in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital; Zaria - Nigeria were recruited for the study after obtaining their consent. Cervical samples were collected and subjected to pap staining and cytological examination by a pathologist and classified using the Bethesda System. The data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Bivariate analysis was done and the level of significance was set at a P 0.05.Results: Cervical dysplasia prevalence of 7.0 was found out of which High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was 2.3 (n
Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Hospitals , Maternal Age , Prospective Studies , Teaching , Uterine Cervical DysplasiaABSTRACT
Background : Cervical cancer is a preventable and the most common female genital tract cancer despite the availability of screening services for precancerous lesions of the cervix. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in women of reproductive age in Zaria. Methodology: A prospective study of 131 women of child bearing age attending the family planning and Gynaecology clinics in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital; Zaria - Nigeria were recruited for the study after obtaining their consent. Cervical samples were collected and subjected to pap staining and cytological examination by a pathologist and classified using the Bethesda System. The data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Bivariate analysis was done and the level of significance was set at a P 0.05. Results: Cervical dysplasia prevalence of 7.0 was found out of which High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was 2.3 (n
Subject(s)
Hospitals , Prospective Studies , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Teaching , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , WomenABSTRACT
People with epilepsy are suffering from a lot of un tolded negative impacts on their lives; due to misunderstanding of the disease and from the associated stigma. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge; attitude; and practice among relatives of Sudanese epileptic patients seen in Sheik Mohamed Kheir Neurological clinic and Elshaab Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross- sectional community based study; 313 respondents were included; the duration of the study was from November 2008 to June 2009. Results: Most of the respondents knew the disease; and had witnessed an attack. One third mentioned a brain lesion as the underlying cause of epilepsy. Most of the respondents mentioned loss of consciousness as the major symptom. More than two thirds mentioned that it is not contagious. Most of the respondents claimed that it can be controlled; and two thirds preferred medical treatment. The study revealed that half of the respondents had shown favourable attitudes and practice. Conclusion: The study revealed that the level of knowledge; attitude; and practice towards epilepsy needs community educational programmes to fill the gaps; and minimize the stigma