Skinfold thickness in normoglycemic offspring of patients with t2dm on graded exercise

It is uncertain if exercise can influence the occurrence of T2DM in offspring of diabetic parents. Therefore this study was designed to assess the effect of exercise on skinfold thickness of offspring of T2DM parents compared with those of non-diabetic parents. This study involved convenience sampling of 50 offspring of T2DM parents attending University College Hospital, Ibadan and 50 offspring of nondiabetic parents who were undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups using convenience sampling method: 25 Normal-weight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (NONDP), 25 Normal-weight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (NODP), 25 Overweight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (OONDP) and 25 Overweight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (OODP). Each participant followed a protocol of graded exercise using the "Tummy trimmer" everyday spending 30-45 minutes daily for 24 weeks. 4 sites of skinfold thickness (supra-iliac, Biceps, Triceps and sub-scapula) were measured by skinfold caliper. Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were estimated using standard methods at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and repeated ANOVA with p-value at n less than 0.05. The results indicate that compared to baseline, there were reductions at the four sites of skinfold thickness measurements (supra-iliac, Biceps, Triceps and sub-scapular). At supra-iliac site, skinfold thickness in NONDPreductions was from 7.16 mm ± 2.02 to 6.60 mm ± 4.40. The reduction trend for supra-iliac, Biceps, triceps and subscapular skinfold sites in NONDP were 0.56 mm, 0.79 mm, 1.66 mm and 0.19 mm respectively. While the reduction trend for supra-iliac, Biceps, triceps and subscapular skinfold sites in OODP were 0.56 mm, 1.10 mm, 2.06 mm and 1.52 mm respectively. At subscapular site, the average skinfold thickness reduction trend was 0.19 mm in control group 1.53 mm in test group. Thus, graded exercise reduced skinfold thickness in all the groups. The clinical importance of this in prevention of DM among offspring of diabetic parents is quite promising

Utilization of Teeth Replacement Service among the Elderly Attending Teaching Hospitals in Lagos; Nigeria

Background: Tooth replacement service is generally available in our environment. However; its utilization by the elderly has not been extensively studied. Aim: To determine the utilization of tooth replacement services among the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 440 patients aged 60 years and above attending the prosthetic out-patient clinics of Lagos University teaching hospital (LUTH) and Lagos state University teaching hospital (LASUTH) from January; 2008 to March; 2010. record books or case records: Age; sex; and number of teeth replaced. Results were collated and analyzed using Epi Info 2004. Values were presented as simple percentages. Results: There were 229/440 (52.0) males and 211/440 (48.0) females and were aged 60-90 years with a mean age of 68.9 (6.92). A total number of 4;062 teeth were replaced. Average number of tooth replaced among the patients was 9.45 for LUTH and 8.94 for LASUTH. The maxillary anterior teeth were the most frequently replaced 1422/4062 (35.0) and the least replaced were the mandibular posterior teeth 812/4062 (20.0). The average number of tooth replaced generally increased with age in both sexes. A total of 90 complete maxillary and mandibular dentures were fabricated; while six single arch complete dentures were made. The remaining were partial dentures. Conclusion: The most common age of presentation is 60-65 years. Patients that were 90 years and above appear to utilize teeth replacement facilities in this environment less than those in developed countries. Maxillary anterior teeth were the most frequently replaced

Patient Satisfaction: a Survey of Dental Outpatients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Nigeria

Background:Patient satisfaction with dental services has received minimal attention in Nigeria. Quality of service is however; an integral part of any business. The study assessed dental outpatients' satisfaction with oral health care delivery a tertiary institution in Nigeria. The perceptions of the oral health care provider and suggestions that will improve service delivery were also obtained from these consumers. Methods: A modified Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) was used to assess the patients. An aggregate score was also calculated for each respondent for all variables tested under the five items on dental patient satisfaction.The highest possible score was 76; based on the number of items assessed. The cut off point for satisfaction was set at 38. Results: Three hundred patients participated in the study. The items with the top three scores were dentist-patient relationship (respect/listen); rapport and infection control with mean scores of 3.5; 3.4; and 3.3 respectively.The range for the aggregate score for level of satisfaction was 16-68. High level of satisfaction reported in 159 (53) of the respondents and low level in 141 (47). Dissatisfaction was expressed with regards to the infrastructure; electricity/regular supply of water and being treated by unsupervised students in 85.7; 59.5and 89respectively.Conclusions:The overall high level of satisfaction was related to the communication skills and rapport of staff with the patients.There is an urgent need for improvement on infrastructure and provision of a steady supply of water and electricity

Coping with Oral Pain: Lay Management Strategies Adopted by Patients Prior to Presentation

Objectives:To identify lay measures taken by patients in response to oral pain before seeking professional care and to determine factors leading to demand for professional oral health care.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients aged 16 years and above who presented with oral pain at the oral diagnosis clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital was carried out. Data was collected by means of questionnaires which sought information on onset and duration of pain; character; aggravating and relieving factors and actions taken by the patients before presentation at the dental clinic. Results: A total of 215 patients participated. More than half of them described their pain as severe to very severe with 106(49.3) and 21(9.8) reporting sleep disruptions and severe agony respectively. Delay in presentation range from over a month in 56(26) patients to years in 85(39.5). Responses to pain symptoms included; communication with different persons for advice in 192(89.3) and application of at least one lay measure in 183(85.1) patients. Duration and persistence of pain was associated significantly with the use of more than one measure. There was no association between gender or age and the use of lay measures. Use of measures with possible adverse effects like petrol and acid was reported in 5(2.7) of the respondents. Conclusion: Lay strategies in response to oral pain are common in this Nigerian population and appear to be used as an alternative to professional oral health care

Gender Differences related to HIV/AIDS in South West Nigeria

The aim of this study was to determine some underlying gender differences in the pattern of infection in a group of HIV positive patients in Nigeria. It involved 328 consecutive HIV positive patients attending dedicated clinics at four teaching hospitals in the South western part of Nigeria. Information on patients' socio-demographic characteristics and their attitude towards disclosure of their HIV status were collected with an interviewer administered questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the age distribution between the genders with a higher proportion of those younger than 35 years being females and higher proportion of males in the older age groups (p 0.05). A higher proportion of the female respondents were unemployed (73.2); students (88.9) and small scale traders (62.5) compared to the males. There was also a significant difference between the genders concerning disclosure of HIV status with the males more willing to disclose their status compared to the females (p 0.05). Fear of breach of confidentiality and discrimination were the most common reasons given. Conclusion: There is a need for economic empowerment of women as poverty increases the vulnerability of women to the infection

Gum bleeding as a symptom of disease : are Nigerian mother aware ?

Aim: to assess the perception of Nigerian mothers on causes of gum bleeding in children.Method: A cross-sectional survey of all willing mothers attending the maternal and child health clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and two randomly selected primary health care clinics in a local Government area of Lagos state.Result: 464 mothers were involved in the study. Of these; 259(55.8) had received some form of oral health education. 187(39.7) did not know the probable causes of gum bleeding and of the remaining 277; only 61(13.1) and 42 (9.1) ascribed the cause to poor oral hygiene and bacteria respectively. Majority of them had wrong perceptions about gum bleeding. Their perception was significantly associated with their level of education and a history of previous dental visit. In conclusion; oral health education in Nigeria should be structured so it addresses diseases of priority. There should be integration of primary oral health care in other health care programmes for a wider reach of the population

Gum Bleeding as a Symptom of Disease : are Nigerian Mothers Aware

Aim: to assess the perception of Nigerian mothers on causes of gum bleeding in children. Method: A cross-sectional survey of all willing mothers attending the maternal and child health clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and two randomly selected primary health care clinics in a local Government area of Lagos state. Result: 464 mothers were involved in the study. Of these; 259(55.8) had received some form of oral health education. 187(39.7) did not know the probable causes of gum bleeding and of the remaining 277; only 61(13.1) and 42 (9.1) ascribed the cause to poor oral hygiene and bacteria respectively. Majority of them had wrong perceptions about gum bleeding. Their perception was significantly associated with their level of education and a history of previous dental visit. In conclusion; oral health education in Nigeria should be structured so it addresses diseases of priority. There should be integration of primary oral health care in other health care programmes for a wider reach of the population

Primary Oral Preventive Practices: Knowledge and Practice among College of Medicine University of Lagos Students

This was a prospective study to assess the primary oral preventive practices of 200 students attending the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos. This was assessed using a structure self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to elicit information on knowledge of oral health preventive practices; their beliefs and oral hygiene practice. Two hundred students submitted properly filled questionnaire. Only 35