The relationship between menstrual hygiene management, practices, and school absenteeism among adolescent girls in Johannesburg, South Africa

Background. Factors associated with menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and practices affect school absenteeism, with up to 7 million girls missing 25% of their given school year each month in South Africa (SA). Objective. To identify the most significant factors associated with MHM and practices affecting school absenteeism among adolescents in Johannesburg, SA. Methods. A secondary data analyses of a cross sectional study among 489 adolescent girls from 30 schools in Johannesburg, SA was conducted. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistical regression analysis was conducted for all variables affecting school absenteeism using STATA version 14. Results. Female adolescents who had pre-menarcheal training were more likely to attend school (odds ratio (OR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 - 3.73; p= 0.038). Those who disposed of their absorbent materials by burning, throwing them by the roadside or on farmland were almost 2× more likely to be absent from school (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.05 - 4.08; p= 0.038). Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) was associated with higher likelihood of being absent from school (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.29 - 5.29; p=0.008). Conclusion. This present study reveals that MHM and practices related to school absenteeism extend beyond the availability of sanitary materials. These findings can be used to create dialogue between various stakeholders about best practices for reducing school absenteeism related to MHM

Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Absenteeism at a Foundry

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem globally and a significant cause of disability in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to describe tasks and body movements associated with the high rate of musculoskeletal-related complaints and absenteeism at a foundry in South Africa.Methods: A quantitative study design was used. The data sources were a questionnaire administered to 38 participants; structured observation and company records. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: All the participants were exposed to poor ergonomics which resulted in repetitive movements; twisting; gripping; and standing or sitting for long periods of time. Pain in the back and shoulders was the most common complaint; followed by stiffness of the fingers; wrists and shoulders. Most participants reported absence from work due to musculoskeletal complaints