ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro interaction of some penicillins (amoxicillin; ampicillin and benzylpenicillin) and caffeine against Staphylococcus aureus. Method: The interaction between the penicillins and caffeine was studied using the Overlay Inoculum Susceptibility Disc (OLISD) method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the drugs were determined separately and in combination with caffeine (5 and 10 mg/ml). Result: At 5 and 10 mg/ml; caffeine decreased the MIC of amoxicillin by 22 and 25 times respectively; while that of ampicillin was decreased by 6 and 8 times. The MIC of benzylpenicillin against Staphylococcus aureus was; however; increased by 59 and 40 times at caffeine concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml respectively. The inhibition zone diameter increment above 19(index of synergism in OLISD method) was recorded only for amoxicillin at amoxicillin concentrations of 7.81; 15.3; 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the concomitant use of caffeine and the studied antibiotics may potentiate the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus; decrease that of benzylpenicillin and has virtually no effect on that of ampicillin. This implies that the intake of caffeine in form of analgesic combination or as tea; coffee; beverages or from other food sources may affect the effectiveness of a co-administered amoxicillin and bezylpenicillin
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin , Ampicillin , Caffeine , Drug Interactions , Penicillins , Staphylococcus aureusSubject(s)
Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , Drug Interactions , Escherichia coli , Evaluation Study , In Vitro Techniques , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
Fourteen days oral administration of therapeutic dose of Ampicillin (4mg/100g/day); Cloxacillin (6mg/100g/day) and Tetracycline (12mg/100g/day) separately to healthy adult male albino rats significantly reduced their serum testosterone level as assessed by enzyme immunoassay. The control group received equal volume of the vehicle (Normal saline) throughout the period of the treatment. A significant reduction (P0 .05) in testicular and epididymal weight was also produced by Cloxacillin; Cloxacillin and Tetracycline respectively. Ampicillin administration on the other hand significantly reduced (P0 .05) prostrate gland weight. After subjecting the treated animals to a recovery period ranging from 1-2 weeks; during which the drug administration was discontinued; all the animals recovered fully from the antifertility effect of these antibiotics on the serum testosterone level by the end of the second week. A significant recovery in the epididymal; testicular and prostrate gland weight was also recorded in the Cloxacillin and Tetracycline; Cloxacillin; and Ampicillin treated animals respectively. The result suggests that the reversible antifertility effects of these antibiotics were produced via the disruption of testosterone hormone production process. This was also accompanied by reduction in the weight of some of the male reproductive organs
Subject(s)
Ampicillin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Infertility , Male , Testosterone , TetracyclineABSTRACT
Fourteen days oral administration of therapeutic dose of Ampicillin (4mg/100g/day); Cloxacillin (6mg/100g/day) and Tetracycline (12mg/100g/day) separately to healthy adult male albino rats significantly reduced their serum testosterone level as assessed by enzyme immunoassay. The control group received equal volume of the vehicle (Normal saline) throughout the period of the treatment. A significant reduction (P0 .05) in testicular and epididymal weight was also produced by Cloxacillin; Cloxacillin and Tetracycline respectively. Ampicillin administration on the other hand significantly reduced (P0 .05) prostrate gland weight. After subjecting the treated animals to a recovery period ranging from 1-2 weeks; during which the drug administration was discontinued; all the animals recovered fully from the antifertility effect of these antibiotics on the serum testosterone level by the end of the second week. A significant recovery in the epididymal; testicular and prostrate gland weight was also recorded in the Cloxacillin and Tetracycline; Cloxacillin; and Ampicillin treated animals respectively. The result suggests that the reversible antifertility effects of these antibiotics were produced via the disruption of testosterone hormone production process. This was also accompanied by reduction in the weight of some of the male reproductive organs
Subject(s)
Ampicillin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Genitalia , Infertility , Male , Rats , Testosterone , TetracyclineSubject(s)
Ampicillin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chronic Disease/therapy , Ciprofloxacin , Spiramycin , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Kaolin is a known adsorbent; has lubricant property in powders and is therefore proposed as a lubricant in tablet formulations. This study was carried out to evaluate whether kaolin can adsorb some active drugs when mixed with them in tablet formulations even at very low concentrations. METHOD: Chloroquine and chlorpheniramine tablets were formulated with powder mixtures containing various concentrations of kaolin. The effect of kaolin on the physical properties of the tablets were examined and compared with those of standard lubricants like magnesium stearate and talc. Chloroquine and chlorpheniramine tablets and powders of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid oral powder and ampicillin/cloxacillin injection were also mixed with and without various concentrations of kaolin in water. Chemical assay of the drugs in the solutions were determined over time. RESULTS: Kaolin significantly reduced the amount of each of the drugs in the solutions containing kaolin. CONCLUSION: Kaolin reduces the amount of some drugs when incorporated in drug formulations. Therefore; its inclusion in such drug formulations should not be encouraged
Subject(s)
Adsorption , Ampicillin , Chemistry , Chloroquine , Chlorpheniramine , Kaolin , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Une etude retrospective de 109 cas (57 garcons et 52 filles) de meningites aigues bacteriennes de nourrissons ages de 1 a 30 mois; hospitalises dans le service de pediatrie du CHU de Lome-Tokoin entre janvier 1987 et decembre 1990; a montre qu'elles representaient 0;4 pour cent des hospitalisations et 30 pour cent des meningites de l'enfant. Les 75 pour cent des nourrissons atteints etaient ages de 1 a 12 mois. Le diagnostic de cette endemie a recrudescence saisonniere (saison seche) s'est base moins sur la clinique trompeuse que sur la ponction lombaire; 94;5 des germes responsables ont ete: l'haemophilus influenzae (51;6 pour cent); le pneumocoque (38;5 pour cent) et le meningocoque (4;4 pour cent). Les antibiotiques de choix ont ete l'Ampicilline; suivie du Chloramphenicol; utilises isolement ou avec la Gentamicine. La letalite (28;4 pour cent) et les sequelles parfois lourdes; font de cette affection un reel probleme de sante publique dont la solution passe par une meilleure prise en charge des cas; la prevention; l'information et l'education sanitaire du public
Subject(s)
Ampicillin , Chloramphenicol , Health Education , Infant , Meningitis , Meningitis/drug therapyABSTRACT
La frequence de la resistance d'Escherichia coli a l'Ampicilline et la gravite de ces infections en milieu hospitalier soulignent la necessite pour le traitement de premiere intention: de limiter la prescription de l'Ampicilline dans ces affections; d'utiliser volontiers une Cephalosporine de 2e ou 3e generation ou un Aminoside (si l'etat renal le permet); ou un Quinolone de premiere generation (s'il n'existe pas de contre indications) dans les infections legeres ou extra-hospitalieres; une Cephalosporine de 3e generation associee a un Aminoside; ou un Quinolone de 3e generation en cas d'infections hospitalieres graves
Subject(s)
Ampicillin , Cephalosporins , Drug Resistance , Escherichia coli Infections , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , QuinolonesABSTRACT
Devant l'importance des resistances des gonocoques aux penicillines et aux tetracyclines au Cameroun; il est necessaire de proposer de nouvelles therapeutiques anti-infectieuses. L'association ampicilline-sulbactam a ete testee chez 15 sujets dans les gonococcies recentes non compliquees. Ce traitement minute par voie intramusculaire etait administre apres confirmation du diagnostic d'infection gonococcique par un examen bacteriologique direct colore par la methode de Gram. Au 7eme jour; 14 patients sur 16 etaient gueris cliniquement et bacteriologiquement. La tolerence a ete bonne; seuls 3 malades se sont plaints d'effets indesirables mineurs transitoires. L'association ampicilline-sulbactum constitue une alternative simple et adaptee au traitement des infections gonococciques recentes non compliquees de l'adulte
Subject(s)
Ampicillin , Gonorrhea/drug therapy , SulbactamABSTRACT
In this lecture the molecular mechanisms of antibiotics resistance and the molecular mechanisms of transmission of resistance genes are described in enteric bacteria isolated in Senegal