ABSTRACT
Background: It is estimated that 3 billion people world wide are infected with intestinal parasites. Morbidity is highest amongst children; infestation causes a threat to the growth and development of the child. The study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes in children attending day care centers in Jos metropolis. Methodology:Ten day care centers were randomly selected from the total number of day care centers. From each centre children were randomly selected for study. Parents of selected children completed a structured questionnaire and stool specimens of the children were analyzed using iodine and saline preparation. Results :Two hundred and twenty-one children (57.8) of the 384 children studied had intestinal parasites. Ascaris lumbricoides; Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichura were the commonest parasites found. The relationship between intestinal parasite infestation and diarrhea in past 2 months (X =19.5; df = 1; p 0.001 OR
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics , Child , ParasitesABSTRACT
A novel series of 1;2;5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized by coupling 2-mercapto-5-methoxybenzimidazol-1-acetic acid with several amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides/dipeptides/tripeptides using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling agent and triethylamine (TEA) as the base. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral as well as elemental analysis and evaluated for their biological potential. Compounds 5; 8 and 12 were found to exhibit potent anthelmintic activity against M. konkanensis; P. corethruses and Eudrilus sp. in comparison to standard drug - mebendazole. Moreover; compounds 7; 9 and 13 possessed potent antifungal activity against C. albicans and compounds 4 and 10 displayed good activity against pathogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive in comparison to gram positive bacteria towards the newly synthesized benzimidazolopeptide analogs
Subject(s)
Amino Acids , Anthelmintics , Anti-Infective Agents , Arthrodermataceae , BenzimidazolesABSTRACT
Direct effects of Nauclea latifolia extracts on different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep is described. In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine possible anthelmintic effect of leaf extracts of Nauclea latifolia toward different ovine gastro intestinal nematodes. A larval development assay was used to investigate in vitro; the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of N. latifolia towards strongyles larvae. The development and survival of infective larvae (L3) was assessed and best-fit LC50 values were computed by global model of non-linear regression analysis curve-fitting (95CI). Twenty sheep harbouring naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes were treated with oral administration of ethanolic extracts at a dose rate of 125 mg/kg; 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg to evaluate therapeutic efficacy; in vivo. The presence of the extracts in the cultures decreased the survival of larvae. The LC50 of aqueous and ethanolic extract were 0.704 and 0.650 mg/ml respectively and differ significantly (P0.05; paired t test). Faecal egg counts (FEC) on day 12 after treatment showed that the extract is effective; relative to control (1-way ANOVA; Dunnett's multiple comparison test); at 500mg/kg against Haemonchus spp; Trichostrongylus spp (p0.05); Strongyloides spp (P 0.01); at 250mg/kg against Trichuris spp (P 0.01) and ineffective against Oesophagostomum spp (p0.05). The effect of doses is extremely significant; the day after treatment is sometimes significant while interaction between dose and day after treatment is insignificant (2-way ANOVA). N. latifolia extract could therefore find application in the control of helminth in livestock; by the ethnoveterinary medicine approach