ABSTRACT
L'objectif de ce travail est de formuler un medicament traditionnel ameliore dont les extraits hydro-ethanoliques sont efficaces sur les levures et champignons testes; non toxiques sur les souris swiss. Pour ce faire; nous avons realise des etudes pharmacologiques su la toxicite puis l'activite sur les levures et certains champignons filamenteux et enfin formuler un medicament traditionnel ameliore a base d'extraits a froid d'un melange ethanol/eau (70/30) de feuilles de Senna alata linn (Cesalpinacee). Precedemment appele Cassia alata; est une herbe qui pousse dans les zones humides des regions tropicales du monde. Ses feuilles contiennent de l'adenine; du kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside; de l'acide chrisophanique; du rhein; de l'emodine; du kaepferol; de l'?-sitosterol; des sennosides; de la deoxycoeluatine et des huiles essentielles riches en terpenes et en composes phenoliques. L'utilisation de S-alata est sans danger per os aux dosages controles car la DL50 des extraits de ces feuilles est superieure a 5g/kg . Les extraits des feuilles de cette plante ont montres de fortes activites antifongiques; notamment contre Trichophyton rubrum; Trichophyton mentagrophytes; Epidermophyton floccosum; Bassidiobolus haptosporus; Aspergillus niger; Rhodotorula japonicus; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; pityriasis versicolore et Rhodotorula glutinis. Les extraits des feuilles ont egalement monte des activites hypoglycemiantes; anti-inflammatoire; antihepatite; antimutagenique et tonifiante. Nous avons formule une pommade a3dont la stabilite; l'efficacite et l'innocuite sont garanties par le respect des normes de preparation; des formulations magistrales; officinales; phytotherapeutiques et homeopathique
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Plant Extracts , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Grewia gum has been evaluated as a binder in paracetamol tablet formulations. Compressional properties of the formulations were analyzed using density measurements and the compression equations of Heckel and Kawakita as assessment parameters. Formulations containing Grewia gum as a binder show a slower onset and lower amount of plastic deformation than those containing PVP. The Db values for formulations containing Grewia gum; increased with increased concentration up to 4w/w. Formulations containing Grewia gum were also found to exhibit higher degree of packing than those containing PVP. Yield values for formulations containing Grewia gum was found to be at variance with the binder concentration. The values increased between 1 and 2w/w and decreased between 2 and 4w/w. A linear relationship was found to exist between N/C and N for formulations containing Grewia gum at all concentrations. Grewia gum was found to improve the fluidity of paracetamol granulation better than PVP. This study suggests that Grewia gum compares favorably with the standard binder PVP used hence could be a useful substitute binder in paracetamol tablet formulations
Subject(s)
Reference Standards , Tablets , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , GrewiaABSTRACT
ABSTRACT. Background: Investigators have reported inter-patient variability with regard to propofol dosage for induction of anesthesia,since early dose finding studies. With the arrival of generic formulations of propofol, questions have arisen regarding furthervariability in dose requirements. Various studies have confirmed that generic propofol preparations are pharmacokineticallyand pharmacodynamically equivalent to Diprivan®. Nevertheless a number of practitioners are under the impression thatcertain generic propofol preparations require greater doses for induction of anaesthesia than does Diprivan®.Methods: 20 female patients of ASA status I-II, between the ages of 18-55 years, scheduled for routine surgery were randomlyallocated to two groups to undergo induction of anaesthesia using two different propofol formulations; Diprivan® andPropofol 1% Fresenius®. Either preparation was administered using a target-controlled infusion of propofol (STEL-TCI)targeting the plasma (central) compartment at a concentration of 6 µg.ml-1, employing the pharmacokinetic parameters ofMarsh et al. A processed EEG (bispectral index) was continuously recorded. Loss of consciousness (LOC) was regarded asthe moment at which the patient could not keep her eyes open and was confirmed by the absence of an eyelash reflex.At this point propofol administration was discontinued and data were recorded for a further two minutes, before administeringan appropriate opioid and/or nitrous oxide/volatile agent and/or muscle relaxant to maintain anaesthesia. Time to LOCafter start of propofol administration, and the dose of propofol administered during induction were annotated.Results: There were no demographic differences between the groups. There were no differences between the groups withregard to the mean dose for LOC, time to LOC and to the mean BIS values obtained at the following stages: awake, at LOC,at 1 and 2 minutes after LOC as well as the lowest recorded value.Conclusions: Our results confirm that the two propofol formulations that we studied, are pharmacologically equivalent withregard to induction of anaesthesia. Other mechanisms can explain the variability in clinical response to bolus administrationof propofol. The most important is the recirculatory or "front-end" kinetics of propofol in which cardiac output plays a majorrole, as well as the rate of drug administration. Emulsion degradation can also influence dose-response and in this regardit should be noted that the addition of foreign substances such as lignocaine, can result in rapid deterioration of the soya-bean emulsion