Management and outcome of colorectal cancer in a resource-limited setting: Ahmadu Bello university teaching hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies seen in the Western World. It is increasing in developing countries due to adaptation of the western lifestyle with an incidence of 6% in Nigeria. Treatment options are dependent on the stage of disease at presentation, the performance status of the patient, and increasingly the molecular makeup of the tumor. There is a dearth of data on the treatment options obtainable for the management and outcome of CRC cases in Northwestern, Nigeria. Aim: The study assessed the treatment options and outcome of colorectal cancer patients in a tertiary institution, in Northwestern, Nigeria over a 10-year period. Patients and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2015, data of one-hundred and twenty-two histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases seen at the Surgery, Radiotherapy and Oncology Departments, ABUTH Zaria, were retrieved retrospectively from the case files and treatment cards of the patients at the health information unit of the hospital. The stage at disease presentation, treatment received, and outcome were analyzed. Results: Nearly a quarter of the patients fell within the age bracket 31­40 years with the median age being 41 years. While only 41% of the patients had their disease staged, 30.4% of the patients presented with advanced disease (Dukes'C + D). Only 95 cases received a form of surgery or the other. Colostomy however accounted for 28.4%. Eighty-nine of the patients received chemotherapy either as neoadjuvant, adjuvant or with palliative intent. External beam radiotherapy either with radical or palliative intent was received by 60 patients (49.2%). At 1-year follow-up sixty cases had been lost to follow up, and thirty-six cases had defaulted on one form of treatment. Conclusion: The study showed that stage at presentation and the available treatment options in the hospital informed treatment offered to the patients. However, surgery was readily performed due to the pattern of presentation and most patients benefited from just a diverting colostomy. Majority of the patients presented with rectal tumor which required radiotherapy as part of its treatment modality, although this is still a luxury in this part of the world. Chemotherapy is also readily available and often prescribed. Cost and limited facility for biomarker (K-ras) testing restrict the use of targeted therapy. Outcome at 1-year follow-up was poor with whereabouts of nearly half of the patients unknown.

Quantifying the relationship of HIV infection with clinicopathological spectrum and outcome among patients with colorectal cancer in a South African population

Introduction: Literature is limited on HIV and colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa despite it being the epicentre of the HIV epidemic, Purpose: To compare clinicopathological features and outcome of CRC in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective CRC database. Demographic details, HIV status, anatomical site, disease stage, treatment and follow-up were documented. Results: Of 715 patients with CRC, 145 and 570 tested positive and negative respectively for HIV. Median age was 45 (IQR 36-53 and 57 (IQR 45-66) years among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients respectively (p<0.0001). Tumour differentiation differed between the two groups (p=0.003) but staging was not different (p=0.6). Surgical resection rate was 52% for HIV-positive patients versus 59% for HIV-negative patients (p=0.07). Median follow-up was 9 (IQR 2-20.5) months for HIV-positive patients and 12 (IQR 6-29) months for HIV-negative patients (p=0.154). Recurrence rate was 14.7% among HIV positive patients and 6.8% in HIV negative patients (p=0.089). Conclusion: When compared with HIV-negative patients, HIV-positive patients with CRC presented at a younger age and tended to have lower surgical resection rates. There was no difference between the two groups with CRC in terms of anatomical sub-site distribution, disease staging and recurrence rates

Kristen Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Mutations in Colorectal Carcinomas at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

ackground: The second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide iscolorectal cancer. With an incidence rate of 4.8 per 100,000, this is Zambia's sixth most prevalent cancer; Methods: This laboratory-based, cross-sectional study examined the frequency of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation and its association with prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma cases from the University Teaching Hospital-Adult Hospital (UTHs), Lusaka, Zambia; Results: Thirty (30) formalin-fixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) samples collected between June 2017 and June 2018 were sent to the Lancet laboratories and analyzed for KRAS mutations (codons 12 and 13). One FFPE block did not meet the inclusion criteria and was excluded. The demographic and clinicopathological data were analyzed using STATA 12. Males outnumber females by 20 to nine. The average age of the patient was 45 ± 16 years. The rectum was the location of 44.8% of the tumors, with the majority being conventional adenocarcinoma (CAC) (65.6 %). All cases (100%) had advanced-stage (stages 3 and 4) disease;however, only 27.6% of patient tumors exhibited lymphovascular invasion. KRAS mutation was detected in 11 (37.9%) cases and mainly in left-sided tumors (62.5%). KRAS mutations were only detected in CAC and serrated adenocarcinoma subtypes. No significant associations were observed between the KRAS mutation status and tumor or patient's clinical and sociodemographic factors; Conclusion: We advocate for incorporating KRAS mutation testing into the standard of care for treating colorectal cancer.

Immunohistochemical Study and Clinicopathologic Correlation of Cox-2 and Her-2 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in Nigeria, and it affects mostly persons in their middle age. In a bid to gain some insight into the molecular characteristics of CRC in our environment, we set out to investigate the expression of COX-2 and HER-2 among Nigerian subjects. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of COX-2 and HER2 and determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters in surgically resected histologically diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-three paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of colorectal resections and corresponding patient information were retrieved from the archives of the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital.A 4-micron slide section was obtained from each specimen and immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and HER-2 expression was performed. RESULTS: Mean age of cases was 53.9years with an almost equal M:F ratio of 1.12:1. Half of the cases were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 17% were high grade tumors.Eighty three percent of the tumours showed positive cytoplasmic COX-2 expression and extremely low membranous HER-2 positivity was observed in 2%. There was no significant correlation between COX-2 expression and age, gender, tumour location, tumour size, depth of invasion or lymph node status.However, COX-2 expression revealed a significant correlation with tumour grade (p= 0.013). CONCLUSION: This study detects a high COX-2 and low HER2 expression in colorectal cancer using immunohistochemistry,suggesting a possible role for COX-2 in CRC pathogenesis.This report should trigger further investigations of both markers vis-à-vis the management of CRC in our environment. WAJM 2022; 39(11): 1134­1140.

Socio-demographic and clinico-pathologic pattern of patients with colorectal cancers seen in Ahmadu Bello University teaching Hospital, Zaria

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It accounts for 10.2% of cancer incidence globally, with a mortality of 9.2%. It ranks third in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality. Colorectal cancer is not uniformly common throughout the world. Its incidence is increasing in developing countries, probably due to the acquisition of western lifestyle.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinicopathological pattern of patients with colorectal cancer seen in the Department of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Centre, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, over a 10-year period.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from the case files and treatment cards of 122 patients with colorectal cancer managed at the Surgical, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Department of ABUTH, Zaria, from January 2006 to December 2015. Data items analyzed included age, sex, residential area, occupation, duration of symptoms, presenting complaints, subsite, histological type, grade, and stage. All analyses were performed by SPSS version 20.Results: An annual incidence of 12.2 cases/annum was seen. Seventy (57.4%) were male and 52 (42.6%) were female. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the age range was between 12 years and 78 years, majority were between 31 and 40 years (24.6%), with a mean age of 42.4 years and median age of 41 years. It was found to be more common among the urban dwellers, with the public/civil servants being the most affected (36.0%). The duration of presenting complain ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, most patients presenting at 7­10 months with more than one symptom. Bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom seen in 20%. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology seen in 73% (n = 89) and 28.7% were well differentiated. The rectum was the most common subsite, while left-sided lesions (20%) were more common than right-sided lesions (17%). About 18% (n = 22) had distant metastasis.Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per rectum and majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend.Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. Bleeding per rectum being the most common complaint, majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend

Socio-demographic and clinico-pathologic pattern of patients with colorectal cancers seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It accounts for 10.2% of cancer incidence globally, with a mortality of 9.2%. It ranks third in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality. Colorectal cancer is not uniformly common throughout the world. Its incidence is increasing in developing countries, probably due to the acquisition of western lifestyle.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinicopathological pattern of patients with colorectal cancer seen in the Department of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Centre, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, over a 10-year period.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from the case files and treatment cards of 122 patients with colorectal cancer managed at the Surgical, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Department of ABUTH, Zaria, from January 2006 to December 2015. Data items analyzed included age, sex, residential area, occupation, duration of symptoms, presenting complaints, subsite, histological type, grade, and stage. All analyses were performed by SPSS version 20.Results: An annual incidence of 12.2 cases/annum was seen. Seventy (57.4%) were male and 52 (42.6%) were female. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the age range was between 12 years and 78 years, majority were between 31 and 40 years (24.6%), with a mean age of 42.4 years and median age of 41 years. It was found to be more common among the urban dwellers, with the public/civil servants being the most affected (36.0%). The duration of presenting complain ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, most patients presenting at 7­10 months with more than one symptom. Bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom seen in 20%. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology seen in 73% (n = 89) and 28.7% were well differentiated. The rectum was the most common subsite, while left-sided lesions (20%) were more common than right-sided lesions (17%). About 18% (n = 22) had distant metastasis.Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per rectum and majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend.Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. Bleeding per rectum being the most common complaint, majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend

Prise en charge des cancers colorectaux en occlusion à l'hôpital principal de Dakar: à propos de 37 cas

Objectifs : Décrire les aspects diagnostiques, thérapeutiques des cancers colorectaux en occlusion et évaluer les différentes modalités thérapeutiques chirurgicales. Patients et Méthodes : Il s'agissaitd'une étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique effectuée dans le service de chirurgie viscérale de l'Hôpital Principal de Dakar, de janvier 2008 à décembre 2014, incluant 37 patients pris en charge pour cancer colique ou rectal en occlusion. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l'âge, le genre, l'unité de provenance, les antécédents, les données de l'examen clinique et paraclinique, le traitement et l'évolution. Les données saisies sur Excel, étaient analysées avec le logiciel SPSS. Des comparaisonsintergroupes étaient effectuées grâce aux tests de Pearson ou de Fisher pour les valeurs qualitatives,de Student ou ANNOVA pour les valeurs quantitatives, avec un seuil de significativité de 5% en situation bilatérale. Résultats : Les dossiers cliniques de 22 hommes et 15 femmes étaient colligés.L'âge moyen des patients était de 61,2 ans. Le diagnostic d'occlusion tumorale était tomodensitométrique dans 23 cas et dans 14 cas per opératoire. Quatre tumeurs siégeaient au côlon droit, 28 au côlon gauche et 5 au rectum. Pour les tumeurs du rectum, étaient réalisées 5 colostomies de décharge en urgence sans résection tumorale secondaire. Pour les tumeurs coliques droites, un patient avait bénéficié d'une caecostomie en urgence suivie d'une hémicolectomie droite et 3 patients d'une chirurgie palliative en urgence (dérivation interne, caecostomie, iléostomie dans 1 cas respectivement). Pour le siège colique gauche, une résection tumorale en urgence était réalisée dans 8cas (5 colectomies gauches idéales, 2 Hartmann, 1 Bouilly Wolkman). Dix sept patients avaient bénéficié d'une colostomie de décharge en urgence suivie d'une résection tumorale secondaire chez 12 d'entre eux. Trois patients avaient bénéficié d'une dérivation interne. L'histologie obtenue dans 27 cas,était en faveur d'un adénocarcinome dans 26 cas. Neuf patients avaient bénéficié La morbidité et la mortalité globale était respectivement de 35% et 13,5%.d'une chimiotheraphie Pourleslocalisations coliques gauches, cette morbi-mortalité en cas de stratégie en 2 temps était respectivement de 17,6% et 11,7%. En cas de colectomie idéale en urgence, elle était respectivement de 40% et 20%.La survie globale à 1 an était de 43,2%. Conclusion : Nos résultats confirment la gravité du cancer colorectal en occlusion et plaident pour la colostomie première suivie de la résection tumorale secondaire pour les tumeurs au côlon gauche

Aspects épidémiologiques, nutritionnels et anatomopathologiques des cancers colorectaux dans la région du grand Casablanca

Introduction: le cancer colorectal constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. L'objectif de notre étude est d'analyser le profil épidémiologique, nutritionnel, clinique et anatomo-pathologique des cancers colorectaux recrutés au CHU de Casablanca.Méthodes: notre étude cas-témoins a porté sur les patients pris en charge pour un cancer colorectal durant l'année 2015, comparés à des témoins non suivi pour un cancer. Résultats: l'âge moyen des patients était de 56,65 ans avec un écart type de 14,64. Le type histologique le plus fréquent chez nos patients était représenté par l'adénocarcinome Lieberkhünien avec une proportion de 82 %. L'analyse de l'indice de masse corporelle a permis de retrouver une obésité chez 50% des patients contre 20% des témoins et un diabète chez 19% des patients versus 8% des témoins (p < 0,019). Par ailleurs, l'étude du régime alimentaire des patients comparé à celui des témoins semble montrer que la moyenne de la fréquence de consommation hebdomadaire de viandes rouges est plus élevée chez les patients que chez les témoins (4,24 vs 3,26; p = 0,009) et inversement pour la consommation du poissons (0,97 contre 1,76; p = 0,0001). En revanche, la moyenne de consommation des légumes et des fruits est plus faible chez les patients que chez les témoins (5,00 vs 9,50; p = 0,0001). Concernant les habitudes toxiques de nos patients, 32% des patients étaient fumeurs vs 13 % des témoins.Conclusion: nos résultats montrent que la prise de conscience à propos du régime alimentaire et des changements dans nos habitudes de vie pourrait réduire l'incidence du cancer colorectal et par conséquent la mortalité et la morbidité

Can an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme improve colorectal cancer outcomes in South Africa?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths. It is estimated that CRC is amongst the top five malignancies in South Africa (SA) with an age standardised incidence rate of 10.2 and 6.1 per 100 000 for males and females respectively. The incidence is projected to increase in South Africa as a result of ageing, a growing population and an increase in prevalence of risk factors

Emergence of colorectal cancer in West Africa : accepting the inevitable - review

It seems not too long ago that colon and rectal cancer was called a 'rare' disease in rural Africa, however over the last 30 years in West Africa, published evidence has shown decade by decade increases in the incidence of Colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore CRC should now be accepted as a recognized disease in native Africans; nevertheless we must acknowledge that the incidence is a fraction of what obtains in the developed countries of Europe and America. This presentation will attempt to examine the emergence of CRC within the West African axis over the last 4 decades

The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer : an overview - review

Over the last 25 years there have been systematic improvements in the overall survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the median overall survival of patients has gone from 6 months to approximately 36 months.1 While 5 Flurouracil has remained at the core of treatment protocols newer chemotherapy and targeted agents and combination protocols have resulted in incremental improvements. The sequencing of the various protocols is the current challenge which still needs to be fully defined

A retrospective subset analysis of colorectal cancers at 2 centres in Johannesburg in the government and private sector : analysing of stage of patient presentation - review

Colorectal Cancer accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidence. It is the third most common cancer worldwide and is the 4th most commonest cause of death. Colorectal Cancer survival is highly dependent on earlier stage of presentation

Les cancers colorectaux en milieu hospitalier à Ouagadougou : aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques, approche endoscopique (à propos de 43 cas)

le but de l'étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques des cancers colorectaux en milieu hospitalier à ouagadougou. il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective et transversale sur une durée de 9 ans et 6 mois. elle a concerné les malades porteurs d'une lésion colorectale suspecte de malignité à la coloscopie. les variables étudiées étaient sociodémographiques, cliniques, endoscopiques et histologiques. l'étude a été réalisée dans 5 structures sanitaires et 3 laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique. 43 lésions suspectes ont été histologiquement confirmées. la fréquence annuelle était de 4,53 nouveaux cas, le sexratio de 0,87 et l'âge moyen de 49,56 ans. les femmes au foyer (30,09%) et les employés subalternes (20,37 %) étaient les professions les plus concernées. il était retrouvé 26 cancers coliques (60,47 %) et 17 cancers du rectum (39,53 %). les formes bourgeonnantes (47,06 %) étaient les plus visualisées pour le cancer du rectum et ulcéro-bourgeonnantes, ulcéro-bourgeonnantes et sténosantes (26,92 % chacune) pour le côlon. l'adénocarcinome était le plus retrouvé (86,42 %). l'histologie et l'endoscopie étaient concordantes dans 65,49 % des cas. enfin les cancers colorectaux semblent rares dans notre pays. Toutefois, seule la mise en place d'un registre des cancers pourrait permettre d'en déterminer l'incidence réelle

Metabolic syndrome components correlation with colorectal neoplasms: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Background : Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have a higher risk of developing colorectal neoplasms (CRN) including colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the role and implication of each component of the syndrome, i.e. (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity) are not well ascertained. Aims: We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis in order to assess the association between MetS components and CRN. Methods and Material: A systematic literature search using the PubMed database was performed with the objective of identifying relevant English studies. Effect estimates were measured. Heterogeneity, subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Thirty-one studies met our inclusion criteria. Generally, subjects with hyperglycemia (RR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.14-1.54), high waist circumference (RR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.19-1.42), high triglycerides (RR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.13-1.49), and hypertension (RR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.17-1.36) showed a stronger positive significant association with CRA formation risk. A similar pattern was found between high fasting blood glucose (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.23-1.47) and high blood pressure (RR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.20-1.37) with CRC incidence. A moderate association was found between hypertriglyceridemia and visceral obesity with CRC risk. Conversely, no significant association was found between low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with both outcomes. Conclusions: Our results indicate that hyperglycemia, hypertension, visceral obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia increases CRA and CRC risk. Low HDL-C has no significant effect on those outcomes

Lésions précancereuses recto-coliques à Brazzaville, Congo

Contexte et objectif. Les polypes coliques et rectaux sont des états précancéreux du côlon et du rectum. Leur dépistage contribue au diagnostic et aux traitements précoces du cancer colorectal (CCR). L?objectif était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et endoscopiques des polypes et d'en déterminer les particularités.Méthodes. Il s'est agi d'une étude documentaire couvrant la période allant du 1er juin 2013 au 31 mai 2015 dans deux centres d'endoscopie de Brazzaville. Tous les patients ayant bénéficié d'une endoscopie digestive basse sur un côlon bien préparé ont été inclus. Les endoscopies non contributives, du fait de la mauvaise qualité de la préparation, ont été exclues. Les variables d?intérêt comprenaient le sexe, l'âge, l'indication de l'examen et les résultats endoscopiques.Résultats. Nous avons colligé 830 endoscopies basses exploitables pendant la période d'étude, parmi lesquelles 593 coloscopies et 237 rectoscopies. Les polypes ont été rencontrés chez 49 patients soit 5,42% des cas.Il y avait 32 hommes et 17 femmes, avec un sexe ratio de 1,8/1. Leur âge moyen était de 49,3 ans (extrêmes de 5 ans et 73 ans). Les indications de l'examen étaient des rectorragies (30,61%), des douleurs abdominales (28,57%), des troubles du transit (32,65%), la surveillance d'un patient opéré d'un CCR (10,2%), des proctalgies (6,12%), une anémie microcytaire hypochrome (4,08%), une masse abdominale (4,08%), une altération de l'état général (2,04%), et un dépistage du CCR (2,04%). Le polype était unique chez 27 cas (55,1%), entre deux et 10 chez 15 sujets (30,61%) et supérieur à 10 chez 3 autres patients (6,12%). Dans 22 cas (44,89%) il s'agissait d'un polype plan, dans 15 cas (30,61%) d'un polype pediculé dans 12 cas (24,49%). Le siège était le rectum (51,02%), le côlon gauche (40,81%), le côlon transverse (10,2%), et le côlon droit (24,48%). La taille du polype était supérieure à 5mm chez 13 cas (28,88%). L'aspect macroscopique était dans la majorité des cas bénin (73,33%). L'exérèse du polype a été réalisée à la pince froide et à l?anse diathermique, respectivement chez 12 cas (24,48%) et 15 cas (30,61%).Conclusion. Les polypes colorectaux rendent compte de cinq pourcent d?admission hospitalière à Brazzaville. En raison de l'âge jeune de survenue des CCR au Congo, il serait judicieux de réaliser, une exploration endoscopique devant des signes d'appel, même peu spécifiques, chez le sujet jeune d'une part et de développer le dépistage chez les sujets à risque

Indications, résultats et rendement de la coloscopie dans un environnement économique défavorable: le cas du Cameroun

OBJECTIF : le rendement diagnostique de la coloscopie dépend de plusieurs facteurs, notamment les indications. La pertinence de ces indications est influencée par l'environnement économique et les structures locales. Le but de notre étude était d'analyser les indications et les résultats des coloscopies, et d'évaluer leur rendement diagnostique afin de juger de la pertinence de ces indications. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES : un recueil rétrospectif de données de coloscopies réalisées de janvier 2001 à juin 2011 dans trois hôpitaux universitaires de Yaoundé a été effectué. Les variables enregistrés étaient l'âge, le sexe, les indications et les résultats. RÉSULTATS : un total de 908 protocoles de coloscopie ont satisfait à nos critères de sélection (dont 622 hommes (68,5%)). L'âge médian était de 48 ans (IQR 36-59 ans). Les indications principales étaient les rectorragies 281 patients (30,9%), les douleurs abdominales 267 patients (29,4%) et les diarrhées chroniques 107 patients (11,8%). L'examen était normal 451 fois (49,7%). Les lésions retrouvées étaient les polypes colorectaux 110 cas (12,1% ; IC 95% : 10,1-14,5), les hémorroïdes 104 cas (11, 5% ; IC 95% : 9,5-13,7), la diverticulose 71 cas (7,8% ; IC 95% : 6,2-9,8) le cancer colorectal 64 cas (7,0% ; IC 95% : 5,5-9,0) et les colites 64 cas (7,0% ; IC 95% : 5,5-9,0). Le rendement diagnostique de la coloscopie pour le cancer colorectal selon les indications était élevé en cas d'image radiologique suspecte (27,7%), de masse abdominale (25%) et d'anémie ferriprive (22,2%). les douleurs abdominales et/ou TFI non accompagnées de perte de sang macroscopique ou occulte, la constipation et le dépistage du cancer colorectal avaient un rendement faible. CONCLUSION : le rendement diagnostique de la coloscopie dans la détection des principales lésions coliques n'est pas différent dans un environnement économique défavorable malgré les indications peu pertinentes. Les symptômes digestifs avec une valeur prédictive positive élevée pour le diagnostic de cancer colorectal sont retrouvés. Les polypes et les hémorroïdes constituent les principales lésions colorectales au Cameroun. Le cancer colorectal a une prévalence élevée et inattendue méritant notre attention

Modern Management of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer affects approximately 1:20 of the population and in South Africa is largely managed by general surgeons. Management of this disease has undergone very significant changes over the last two decades. Until very recently; only two academic general surgery departments included a specialist colorectal unit; and this remains so in the majority of our universities. This has resulted in a generation of surgical graduates who are unfamiliar with; and unskilled in current best management practices for this disease. Rectal cancer is particular challenging and attracts extremely high morbidity and mortality; with poor oncological outcomes. Repeatedly; outcome has been shown to be worse in the hands of generalists; rather than specialist colorectal surgeons; of whom there are very few in the country. This review presents the most important advances of the last 20 years and highlights current controversies and frontiers

Intérêt des marqueurs tumoraux sériques dans les cancers digestifs

Les marqueurs tumoraux sont des composés produits par les cellules cancéreuses ou leur environnement se retrouvant en quantité suffisante dans le sang, les urines et les liquides d'effusion. Les marqueurs les plus utilisés en pathologie digestive sont l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire (ACE), l'alpha foetoproteine (_FP) et le CA19-19. Le but de notre travail est de discuter l'intérêt de ces trois marqueurs dans le dépistage, le suivi et le pronostic des cancers gastriques, pancréatiques, colorectaux et hépatiques.La faible sensibilité et l'existence de faux positifs rendent parfois ces marqueurs impropres à une stratégie de dépistage. Par contre, seul l'_FP a une valeur diagnostique dans les hépato carcinomes pour les populations à haut risque. L'ACE et le CA19-9 ont une bonne sensibilité et une spécificité relative qui leur permettent de suivre l'évolution des cancers digestifs en particulier les cancers colorectaux. Ils constituent les meilleurs marqueurs pour évaluer le pronostic, l'efficacité thérapeutique et pour dépister les récidives de façon précoce. Leur association est justifiée et permet d'atteindre 91% de spécificité et 76% de sensibilité.Devant la place occupée par la biologie dans le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi des cancers digestifs par le dosage des marqueurs tumoraux, nous nous devons que de reconnaître tant leurs performances que leurs limites

Morphology of Colorectal Carcinoma among Nigerians: A 30-Year Review

Background: The incidence of colorectal carcinoma has been on the increase in the developing countries; including Nigeria; as a result of change in diet and adoption of western lifestyle. Objectives: The aim of this review is to highlight the prevalence; age and sex distribution; anatomical location; and morphological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas in Ilorin; Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all cases of histologically diagnosed colorectal carcinoma in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; Ilorin; Nigeria; over a 30-year period (January 1979-December 2008); using the departmental record and histological slides of the cases. Result: A total of 241 cases of colorectal carcinoma were reported; 144 cases (60) in males and 96 cases (40) in females with a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. The peak age of occurrence for males was between 51 and 60 years; while that of the females was between 41 and 50 years. The malignancy was found in the rectum in 60.2of the cases; while the least affected site is the descending colon (1.2). The exophytic occluding masses were found in 82.2of the cases; and the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma (77.2) with well-; moderately; and poorly differentiated forms constituting 52.3; 32.8; and 14.9respectively. Of the 241 cases that were seen over the last 30 years; 93 cases (38.6) were seen in the last 5 years. Conclusion: Colorectal carcinoma is no longer a rare disease in Nigeria. The surge in the incidence reported in the last 5 years in this center calls for a pragmatic action in its control; with emphasize on colonoscopic screening for those with family history; and possibly making digital rectal examination a mandatory aspect of clinical examination; because most colorectal carcinomas are within the reach of examining finger