ABSTRACT
En Republique Democratique du Congo (RDC); comme dans de nombreux pays africains; le sida et son cortege d'infections opportunistes sont une cause majeure de morbidite et de mortalite. A Kinshasa; on estime entre 4 et 5le taux de prevalence de sujets infectes par le VIH; soit plus de 200 000 personnes (chiffres du Programme National de Lutte contre le Sida; PNLS 2005). A ce jour; faute de personnels formes et de moyens diagnostiques adaptes; aucune enquete n'a encore ete menee sur la prevalence des parasites opportunistes digestifs dans la population des patients infectes par leVIH; prealable indispensable a la mise en place d'une politique de soin adaptee. Une enquete preliminaire a ete realisee a Paris sur 50 echantillons de selles de 50 patients malades du sida; hospitalises dans 3 hopitaux de references de Kinshasa. Onze patients (22) avaient une symptomatologie digestive avec un syndrome diarrheique. La realisation des examens specialises a mis en evidence 2 cas d'infection digestive par des parasitoses opportunistes (4); une a Cryptosporidium sp. et une a Enterocytozoon bieneusi; premier cas decrit dans la litterature en RDC
Subject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium , Enterocytozoon , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , MicrosporidiaABSTRACT
Cryptosporidium is a common cause of diarrhoea in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Unfortunately this pathogen is not often checked for in Microbiology laboratories because the formol-ether stool concentration method for identification of Cryptosporidium is cumbersome and may not be routinely undertaken in very busy laboratories and in laboratories with inadequate personnel. This study was therefore carried out to compare the outcome of direct stool examination and formol-ether concentration method with the aim of finding a non-cumbersome method of examining for Cryptosporidiumspecies routinely in stools when it is indicated. Fresh stool specimens of 193 HIV positive and 200 HIV negative patients (control) attending clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) were processed within two hours of collection using direct stool smear and formol-ether concentration methods. Permanently stained slides were prepared using Kinyoun acid-fast stains. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 35 (18.1) of HIV seropositive patients using direct stool smear method and in 36 (18.7) using formol-ether concentration method. There was no statistical difference between the two methods (p 0.05; xz = 0.012; df = 1 at 95 confidence limit critical ratio = 3.841). No Cryptosporidiumwas identified in the control (HIV negative) patients using either method. Cryptosporidium oocysts can be routinely checked for in the Microbiology laboratories using either direct stool smear or formol-ether concentration stool method with comparable sensitivity
Subject(s)
CryptosporidiumABSTRACT
Background: AIDS and Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) severely impair the immune systemCryptosporidium has over the last two decades emerged as a life threatening disease. The study attempts to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in malnourished children with HIV/AIDS. Method: Blood and stool samples of 52 HIV-seropositive children and another 52 HIV-sero-negative childrenaged 0-5 years were collected and screened for HIV and Cryptosporidium oocysts respectively. The sera were screened by double ELISA and the stool by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method.Results: Out of the 52 HIV-seropositive undernourished, under-five children, none (0%) excreted Cryptosporidium oocyst in their stools while 2 (3.8%) of the control group excreted the oocyst. Conclusion: Cryptosporidium infection seems to be uncommon among undernourished under five children with HIV/AIDS in Jos
Subject(s)
Child , Cryptosporidium , Infant Nutrition DisordersABSTRACT
Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has particularly devastating effects on small children among whome it is estimated that between 3-5 million below the age of 5 years die annually of causes related to diarrhoea in the developing countries of Asia; Africa and Latin America. Studies carried out in a variety of regions have led to the identification of etiological agents in only 60of cases. The list of causes continues to increase as the percentage of undiagnosed cases is falling. Several reports suggest that cryptosporidium may be one of those agents responsible for the causation of acute diarrhorrea in 25-30of cases in whom no etiological agents in only 60of cases. The list of causes continues to increase as the percentage of undiagnosed cases in falling. Several reports suggest that cryptosporidium may be one of those agents can be detected with the best available microbiological techniques in both the temperate and tropical countries. Stool parasitology to dectech Cryptosporidium (using the Safranin-methylene blue staining method) and other intestinal parasites was undertaken in one hundred and seventy three children at Mulago Hospital; Kampala. Physical assessment including the state of hydration was also carried out for each child. Results: Crystoporidium was detected overall more frequently in stool samples from children with acute diarrhoea (27.4) than from control children (24.4). Patients with acute diarrhoea in the age-group 7-38 months had almost twice the frequency of cryptosporidium compared to controls. This is the diarrhoea aged-group in Ugandan chidlren. Conclusion and Recommendations: These features suggest that Cryptosporidium is likely to be an etiological agent in acute diarrhoea in this population. The isolation rates of the other parasites was generally low; except for T.hominis. A large community study to measure the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and define its role in the causation of acute diarrhoea in Ugandan children is needed