ABSTRACT
Post-pandial glycaemic responses to food can be affected by the method involved in the preparation of the food. Dietary intervention with food modification forms the corner- stone of management of type 2 diabetes worldwide. The effect of processing on yam; a staple food in Nigeria; was studied among diabetic and non-diabetic Nigerians. Despite undergoing more processing; amala prepared from yam flour had a better post-pandial glycaemic response index (PGRI) compared to other yam preparations; and this was also significantly higher among the diabetic subjects. Yam-based products; particularly amala; should be encouraged among diabetic Nigerians
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Dioscorea , Glycemic IndexABSTRACT
Starch obtained from Dioscorea dumetorium was employed as a disintegrant in Sodium Salicylate based tablets at concentrations of 5 -15w/w. Properties of the starch evaluated include: bulk and tapped densities; water uptake by capillarity; Hausner's quotient and percent compressibility. Compound tablets were evaluated for hardness; friability; disintegration time and dissolution rate. Batches of tablets containing equivalent concentrations of AC-di-sol or maize starch were employed as standards. Results obtained indicate that Dioscorea dumetorium starch performed as much better as a disintegrant in sodium salicylate tablets as maize starch but less than Ac-di-sol
Subject(s)
Dioscorea , Sodium Salicylate , StarchABSTRACT
PURPOSE : A study was made of the binding properties of trifoliate yam starch; obtained from Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax); in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. METHOD: Compressional properties were analyzed using density measurements and compression equations of Heckel and Kawakita. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the crushing strength and friability of the tablets; while drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. RESULTS : Tablet formulations containing trifoliate yam starch exhibited faster onset and higher amount of plastic deformation during compression than those containing corn starch. The crushing strength; disintegration and dissolution times of the tablets increased with binder concentration while friability values decreased. Trifoliate yam starch produced tablets with stronger mechanical properties and longer disintegration and dissolution times than those containing corn starch. CONCLUSION : Trifoliate yam starch would be a better alternative to corn starch in producing uncoated tablets for which high bond strength is essential
Subject(s)
Dioscorea , PharmacokineticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax) used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus possesses hypoglycaemic effect. The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of the tuber on blood lipid and ketone levels in alloxan - induced diabetic rats. METHOD: Wistar strain albino rats were made diabetic with the intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate. Consequently; an aqueous extract of Dioscorea dumetorum tuber was administered orally to the diabetic rats and their plasma and urine glucose; triacylglycerol; choles terol and a-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were estimated using standard procedures. Results were compared with untreated normal and diabetic control rats. Phytochemical screening of the extract of the tuber was also carried out. RESULTS: Treatment with the extract significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced elevated blood levels of triacylglycerol; cholesterol and Beta- hydroxybutyrate associated with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The aqueous extract tested positive for flavonoids; alkaloids; saponins and cardiac glycosides. CONCLUSION: From this study; the tuber has proved not only to be an effective hypoglycaemic agent; but also possesses significant (p less than 0.05) hypolipidaemic and hypocholesterolaemic properties while also ameliorating ketosis