ABSTRACT
Abstract:This study was conducted in Ombadda hospital in order to isolate and identify the bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea in children under 5years of age and determine their antibiograms. Stool specimens were collected from children seeking treatment at Ombadda and Omdurman paediatric hospitals from April to September 2008. The stool specimens were cultured on conventional media; and the isolates were identified by biochemical tests; and confirmed by serology. Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) was the predominant isolate (42.11); followed by Salmonella paratyphi B (31.58);Salmonella typhi (10.53) V. cholerae (10.53) and Shigella flexneri(5.26). The enteric bacterial pathogens were susceptible to cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.V.cholerae was susceptible to amoxicillin.This study showed high proportion of bacterial diarrhoea among children less than five years old. The most common causative agent is EPEC which is not part of routine investigation of stool culture in all of the laboratories in Sudan
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Child , Developing Countries , Diarrhea , Dysentery/etiology , FecesABSTRACT
Background: Shigellosis is a global human health problem. The disease is most prevalent in developing countries with poor access to safe potable water and sanitation. Shigella boydii is of particular epidemiological importance in developing nations such as African and Asian countries. In the present study; we report on the analysis of a temporal cluster of 29 S. boydii serotype 2 strains; isolated in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa (SA) over the period of November to December 2007. Methodology: Bacteria were identified as S. boydii using standard microbiological identification techniques and serotyped using commercially available antisera. Susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents was determined by the Etest. Genotypic relatedness of strains was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of digested genomic DNA. Results: The cluster of 29 isolates revealed comparable antimicrobial susceptibility profiles; while dendrogram analysis of PFGE patterns showed that the cluster of isolates grouped together and could clearly be differentiated from a random selection of unrelated S. boydii serotype 2 strains. Our data has strongly suggested that this cluster of isolates may share a common ancestry. However; this cannot be substantiated by epidemiological data because a detailed epidemiological investigation was not conducted. Conclusions: We have documented the first cluster of S. boydii infection in SA. Due to the lack of adequate epidemiological investigation; we cannot emphatically state that an outbreak had occurred. However; we do hypothesis that this was an outbreak for which a waterborne source cannot be excluded. This study has highlighted the urgent need for timely and appropriate systems of epidemiological investigation of all suspected outbreaks of disease in developing countries
Subject(s)
Cluster Analysis , Dysentery , Electrophoresis , Snow , Shigella boydiiABSTRACT
Cette etude effectuee de juin 1994 a decembre 1995 montre que des 148 enfants admis dans le Departement de Pediatrie des Cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa pour diarrhee sanguinolente; 26 etaient suspects de dysenterie bacillaire. Huit cas ont ete confirmes par la coproculture. Les germes les plus rencontres sont les shigellas dysenteriae et le shigella flexneri. Pour le traitement; l'acide nalidixique et la norfloxaxine sont des antibiotiques de choix
Subject(s)
Child , Drug Therapy , Dysentery , Dysentery, Bacillary , InfantABSTRACT
Population census and survey of intestinal parasites were conducted in October 1987 in Bure area; Illubabor. Altogether; there were 1063 households comprising 4119 residents; of whom 86.3 percent (3;555) were indigenous and 13.7 percent (564) were newly arrived settlers. Four villages among nine were taken randomly; and all individuals living in a 10 percent sample of households picked by systematic sampling underwent investigation for intestinal parasites. Of these; 8.5 percent (301) indigenous and 13.7 percent (77) settlers provided stool specimens which were collected; processed and examined by the formol-ether-concentration technique. Positive rates for one or more parasites turned out to be 82.7 percent and 67.5 percent among the former and latter respectively; the difference being statistically significant (p0.05). In both population groups combined; ascaris lumbricoides; hookworms; and Entameba coli were the predominant parasites. Multiple infection was common comprising 48.2 percent in indigenous and 53.8 percent in the settler population groups. Preventive and control measures are suggested
Subject(s)
Dysentery , Intestinal DiseasesABSTRACT
A cross-sectional survey on intestinal parasites was conducted in Jiren Elementary et Junior Secondary School; Jimma. A total of 301 stool specimens were collected by systematic random sampling from a total of 1626 population. The stools were examined for ova and parasites by direct saline suspension (wet mount) method. The result showed high prevalence rate of parasitic infection (68.4 percent). A total of 10 species were identified among which Ascaris lumbricoides was the leading (52.2 percent) followed by Trichuris trichiura (18.6 percent); while Schistosoma mansoni was the least (0.3 percent). No statistically significant difference was seen in the prevalence rate of intestinal parasites by sex; (P.0.01). However; there is significant association between water source for drinking and parasitoses; (P;0.01); where; unprotected source of water favouring infection of all infected. Most of the infected children (92.2 percent) were asymptomatic. It is suggested that affective PHC strategies; such as health education in schools; expansion of school health services and chemotherapy with broad spectrum antihelminthics should be implemented
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dysentery , Health Education , Intestinal DiseasesABSTRACT
From April to July 1993; Maputo City suffered an epidemic of dysentery. We analysed stool samples from 142 consecutive children hospitalized with acute bloody diarrhoea in the pediatric infectious diseases ward of Maputo Central Hospital. The samples were analysed for known pathogenic microbial organisms. 74 (52.1) were male and 68 (47.9) female; the mean age was 2.62 years. Shigella dysenteriae type-1 was isolated in 59 (41.5) cases. The probability of isolation of shigella dysenteriae was greater when the evolution time of the illness was equal to or less than five days and the number of daily stools was six or greater at the time of sample collection. For the diagnosis of shigellosis; the presence of macroscopic blood in liquid stools showed a sensitivity of 86.2; a specificity of 82.9; a positive predictive value of 78.1; and a negative predictive value of 89.5. All Shigella spisollated were sensitive to nalidixic acid; cephalothin; kanamycin and gentamicin and resistant to tetracycline; trimethoprim; chloramphenicol; ampicillin; sulfurisoxazole; cotrimoxazole and erythromycin. There was a statistical association (p0.05) between malaria due to plasmodium falciparum and the presence of macroscopic blood in the stools