ABSTRACT
Introduction. La limbo-conjonctivite endémique des tropiques (LCET) est une kérato-conjonctivite allergique récidivante du jeune enfant qui s'améliore après la puberté mais peut persister. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer le profil évolutif de la LCETdans notre pratique. Méthodologie. Étude longitudinale descriptive menée dans l'unité d'ophtalmologie de l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé. Tous les dossiers de LCET reçus de janvier 2011 à décembre 2019 avec un recul d'aumoins deux ans de suivi ont été recensés. Les patients qui ont accepté de participer après apptéléphonique ont été inclus de janvier à mai 2021.Les variables d'étudeétaient: âge, sexe, acuité visuelle (AV), caractéristiques de la LCET selon Diallo, pronostic fonctionnel et anatomique en post puberté (plus de 15 ans). Résultats. Au total,30 patients (60 yeux) ont été étudiés. Le sex-ratio était de 2. La moyenne d'âge était de 15 ans ± 9 ans. Initialement, le prurit était le maitre symptôme (96,7%). Après un recul moyen de cinq ans, l'AV était utile chez tous les patients (100%) et la LCET stade 2 plus représentée (60%). Le nombre moyen de récidives était de trois. Les patients post pubertaires on eu une amélioration anatomique dans 56.7% des caset une aggravation dans 10%des casConclusion. Notre travail confirme l'amélioration post pubertaire globale de la LCET, nonobstant quelques formes graves depronosticpéjoratif pour la fonction visuelle.
Introduction. Tropical endemiclimbo-conjunctivitis (TELC) is a recurrent allergic kerato-conjunctivitis in young children which improves after puberty but may persist. The aim of this study was to determine the evolutionof TELCin our setting. Methodology. This was a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in the ophthalmology unit of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All TELC files received from January 2011 to December 2019 with a follow-up of at least two years of follow-up were identified. Patients who agreed to participate after a phone call were included from January to May 2021. The variables of interest were: age, sex, visual acuity (VA), TELC classification according to Diallo, functional and anatomical prognosis in post puberty (more than 15 years).A totalof30 patients (60 eyes) were recruited. The sex ratio was 2. The average age was 15 ± 9 years. Initially, pruritus was the main symptom (96.7%). After an average follow-up of five years, VA was usefulin all patients (100%) and TELCstage 2 was the most frequent stage (60%). The mean number of recurrences was three. Postpubertal patients had anatomical improvement in 56.7% of cases and worsening in 10%of cases. Conclusion. Our study confirms the overall postpubertal improvement ofTELC, except some serious forms with poor prognosis ofvisual function
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Conjunctivitis, Allergic , Conjunctivitis , Endemic Diseases , Diagnosis, Differential , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
Tanzania is experiencing a serious Human Resource for Health (HRH) crisis. Shortages are 87.5 and 67 in private and public hospitals; respectively. Mal-distribution and brain drain compound the shortage. The objective of this study was to improve knowledge on the HRH status in Tanzania by analyzing what happens to the number of medical doctors (MD) and doctor of dental surgery (DDS) degree graduates during the transition period from graduation; internship to appointment. We analyzed secondary data to get the number of MDs and DDS; who graduated from 2001 to 2010; the number registered for internship from 2005 to 2010 and the number allowed for recruitment by government permits from 2006 to 2010. Self administered questionnaires were provided to 91 MDs and DDS who were pursuing postgraduate studies at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences during this study who went through the graduation-internship-appointment (GIA) period to get the insight of the challenges surrounding the MDs and DDS during the GIA period. From 2001 to 2010 a total of 2;248 medical doctors and 198 dental surgeons graduated from five local training institutions and abroad. From 2005 to 2010 a total of 1691 (97.13) and 186 (126.53) of all graduates in MD and DDS; respectively; registered for internship. The 2007/2008 recruitment permit allowed only 37.7 (80/218) and 25.07/27) of the MDs and DDS graduated in 2006; respectively. The 2009/2010 recruitment permit allowed 265 MDs (85.48) out of 310 graduates of 2008. In 2010/2011 permission for MDs was 57.58 (190/ 330) of graduates of 2009 and in 2011/2012 permission for MDs was for 61.03 ((249/408) graduates of 2010. From this analysis the recruitment permits in 2007/2008; 2009/2010; 2010/2011 1nd 2011/2012 could not offer permission for employment of 482 (38.10) of all MDs graduated in the subsequent years. Major challenges associated with the GIA period included place of accommodation; allowance (for internship) or salary delay (for first appointment); difficulty working environment; limited carrier opportunities and concern for job security. The failure to enforce mandatory registration for internship and failure to absorb all produced MDs and DDS results to loss of a substantial number of these graduates during the graduation-internshipappointment period. To solve this problem; it is recommended to establish better human resource for health management system
Subject(s)
Endemic Diseases , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
It is typical of societies to come up with their own labels or names to any phenomenon that may befall them in the course of their life time. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been no exception to this practice. In Botswana most of these labels are either in Setswana or eng whereby an Eglish expression is simply adopted and used to refer to HIV/AIDS. This study looks at the different labels or names that have been used to refer to HIV/AIDS in Botswana. It is an attempt to provide insights into perceptions of HIV/AIDS by the local communities portrayed through the naming of this disease. The study demonstrates how; through the different labels; the local communities started in denial distancing themselves from this disease and in some cases associating AIDS with ailments already known to them; cultural practices and taboos. Some of these labels further demonstrate the negative attitudes that may have fuelled HIV-related stigma in the country. Based on the informants' responses; the paper further attempts a categorisation of these labels influenced by different attitudes to HIV/AIDS; some of which are self-perpetuating and may continue to be a hindrance to the fight against the disease
Subject(s)
HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Attitude to Health , Clinical Coding , Denial, Psychological , Endemic Diseases , Perception , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Dans le but de mesurer la morbidite du paludisme en zone hyper-endemique; l'indice plasmodique et l'incidence du paludisme ont ete mesurees pendant la saison de haute transmission 2002 (septembre en novembre) sur une cohorte de 403 sujets residant a Tensobentenga. Situe a 50 km a l'Est de Ouagadougou; le taux d'inoculation entomo- logique dans ce village etait d'environ 1;7 piqures infectees par personne et par nuit.. La cohorte composee de 228 enfants de 0-10 ans et 175 adultes a fait l'objet d'un suivi actif quotidien. Un passage transversal a ete effectue en octobre 02. Durant la periode de suivi; 636 episodes de fievre ont ete declares soit en moyenne 1;6 episodes par personne (2;4 chez les enfants et 0;5 chez les adultes; p 0;001). 303 episodes d'acces palustre (fievre observee ou rapportee associee a une parasitemie); ont ete notes dont 26 episodes chez les 18 a 40 ans et 277 chez les moins de 10 ans. Les acces palustres etaient associes a des vomissements dans 13;2et la diarrhee dans 6. Le nombre moyen d'acces palustres chez les adultes et chez les enfants etait respectivement de 0;15 et de 1;21 (p 0;001). Le nombre d'episode decroissait selon que l'on avancait dans la saison de transmission. Le taux d'incidence du paludisme etait de 3;1 pour 1000 personnes-jours chez l'adulte et de 19;5 pour 1000 personnes jours chez l'enfant (p 0;001). Au passage transversal; l'indice plasmodique global etait de 61;2; 29;7chez les adultes et 78chez les enfants; (p 0;001). La densite parasitaire moyenne etait de 1309 parasites/ l et diminuait significativement avec l'age (p0;001). Le taux de portage des gametocytes etait 12; et diminuait avec l'age jusqu' a 30 ans (p0;001). En conclusion; les enfants sont les plus infectes par le plasmodium en zone d'endemie. Il apparait aussi clairement que la prise en charge correcte des cas constitue une autre forme de prophylaxie du paludisme en periode de haute transmission
Subject(s)
Endemic Diseases , Malaria/transmission , MorbidityABSTRACT
The International Health Regulations (IRH; 2005) are a legally binding international instrument for preventing and controlling the spread of diseases internationally while avoiding unnecessary interference with international travel and trade. Under the IHRs that were adopted on 23 May 2005 and entered into force on 15 June 2007; Member States have agreed to comply with the rules therein in order to contribute to regional and international public health security. Obligations also include the establishment of IHR National Focal Points (NFP) defined as a national centre designated by each Member State; and accessible at all times for communication with WHO IHR Contact Points. Furthermore; Member States were requested to designate experts for the IHR roster; enact appropriate legal and administrative instruments and mobilize resources through collaboration and partnership building. The Fifty-sixth session of the WHO Regional Committee for Africa called for the implementation of the IHR in the context of the regional Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy considering the commonalities and synergies between IHR (2005) and the IDSR. They both aim at preventing and responding to public health threats and/or events of national and international concern. This document discusses the issues and challenges and proposes actions that Member States should take to ensure the required IHR core capacities are acquired in the WHO African Region