Traumatismes oculaires suite à un accident du travail : étude bicentrique à Antananarivo

Introduction : Les traumatismes oculaires peuvent être graves et entraîner une cécité même avec une prise en charge spécialisée. Cette étude visait une détermination des aspects épidémio-cliniques des traumatismes oculaires au décours d'un accident du travail. Méthodes : Etude rétrospective descriptive sur une période d'une année allant de janvier à décembre 2013, portant sur 215 cas de patients victimes de traumatisme oculaire suite à un accident du travail, vus en consultation dans deux grands hôpitaux d'Antananarivo. Résultats : Vingt virgule quarante-sept pour cent (20,47%) des cas de traumatismes oculaires vus en consultation relevaient d'un accident du travail. La population d'adultes jeunes était la plus concernée (29,77%) avec une prédominance du genre masculin (95,81%). Les soudeurs et les travailleurs en ouvrage métallique étaient les professions les plus en cause avec respectivement 20% et 15,81%. De manière générale, l'agent traumatisant était un corps étranger de nature métallique. Il s'agissait d'une atteinte unilatérale dans la plupart des cas. 4,65% des patients ont présenté des séquelles dont 3 éviscérations. Tous les accidents sont survenus sur le lieu de travail. Seuls 2,33% des travailleurs portaient des lunettes de protection. Conclusion : Une meilleure prévention par l'utilisation de lunettes de protection serait indispensable pour réduire les accidents. Le rôle préventif revient au médecin du travail

Perceived Visual Deterioration among a Selected Group of Dental Surgeons in Nigeria

To assess the perceived visual deterioration and the determinants among selected dental surgeons in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of Resident doctors attending the Revision course of Faculty of Dental Surgery of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria in Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Lagos; Nigeria was conducted in October; 2008. The 21-item self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information; medicated eyeglass use; self-rating of vision on start of dental practice; self-rating of vision presently; self-rating of illumination in dental operatory; procedure that can be done without adequate illumination and procedures that need light enhancers. Majority of the respondents were male; in the 31-35 year age group; had less than 10 years post-graduation experience and are specializing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Perceived visual deterioration was reported by 22 (36.1) of the respondents. Respondents who are 46-50 years; male; with _ 10 years of experience; using medicated eyeglass and specializing in Restorative dentistry reported higher perceived visual deterioration. The prevalence of use of medicated eyeglass was 22 (36.1). The illumination of dental operatory was good by 35 (57.4) of the respondents using a self-rating scale.The predominant procedures performed under limited illumination were oral surgical 16 (26.2) and orthodontic 16 (26.2). Light enhancers were advocated by respondents mostly during restorative procedures. Perceived visual deterioration in this study was high. This justifies the need for assessment of vision at employment and longitudinal assessment of vision annually inorder to objectively ascertain the level of visual deterioration

Challenges; Attitudes and Practices of the Spectacle Wearers in a Resource-Limited Economy

Purpose: To evaluate challenges; attitudes and practices among spectacle wearers to effect positive change when necessary; and determine positive change in a resource-limited economy. Materials and Methods: A multi-hospital descriptive; cross sectional survey of spectacle wearers was conducted between May 2007 and December 2008 in Nigeria. Results: A total of 214 wearers comprising 43.5males and 56.5females aged 18-84 years were surveyed. The majority of subjects (92.6) had at least secondary education. The wearers' challenges included expensive spectacles (43.0); falling/ scratched/broken lenses (29.4) and fear that spectacles would damage the eyes (23.8). The wearers' attitudes were comprised of consultations with 'road side dispensers' (7) and permitting other individuals to select spectacle frames for them (26). Care and maintaince practices included use of handkerchief; tissue paper; fingers and water to clean spectacles (49.5) and placing spectacles inside spectacle cases (30.4). There were no associations (P 0.05) between gender or literacy levels and who selected the frames for the subjects; caregivers consulted for spectacles; and cleaning materials for spectacles. The placement of spectacles when not in use was significantly associated (P 0.05) with the wearers' gender and literacy levels but not with the length of spectacle wear. Conclusion: Attitudes and practices requiring positive change crossed gender and educational levels among spectacle wearers. The cost of spectacles should be regulated and availability of standard eye care practices would reduce challenges including lens-related defects and quackery. During consultation with a recognized eye care professional; counseling of wearers on positive attitudes/practices as well as allaying fear of spectacle wear is required

Early experience with intra-ocular lens implantation at Mulago

Cataract glasses are the mainstay of aphakic corretion in third world countries; but intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the accepted method elsewhere. Successful lens implantation offers the best visual rehabilitation to cataract patients; especially if their occupations justify the expense