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1.
La Lettre Médicale du Congo ; 9: 10-23, 2020. ilus
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1264693

ABSTRACT

Les auteurs rapportent des cas de malformations fœtales congénitales colligés au laboratoire d'histologie­embryologie de la faculté des sciences de la santé de Brazzaville. L'objectif de cette étude est de rapporter tous les cas colligés. L'impact des malformations fœtales congénitales(MFC) au Congo Brazzaville a déjà été souligné dans des publications précédentes et sont ici rappelés. Les MFC représentent environ 5,09% des hospitalisations dans le service de néonatologie du CHU de Brazzaville. Le taux de létalité y est de 59,3%. Ces malformations graves n'ont pu être dépistées au stade anténatal par manque de diagnostic prénatal comme cela se fait actuellement en occident dans les centres pluridisciplinaires de diagnostic anténatal. Le dépistage anténatal est possible, en associant l'échographie an;ténatale systématique à respectivement 12, 22 et 32 semaines d'aménorrhées (SA) à d'autres paramètres : marqueurs sériques, âge des parents, caryotype fœtal et bilan infectieux. Les principales causes des MFC sont variables : génétiques (anomalies chromosomiques, syndromes polymalformatifs), infectieuses (toxoplasmose, rubéole, CMV), médicamenteuses (nitrofurantoïne, sulfonamides), environnementales (radioactivité, exposition à un toxique, pesticide), carences alimentaires (déficit en acide folique, avitaminose). Matériels et méthode : des fœtus dont les malformations ont été découvertes à la naissance dans diverses maternités de Brazzaville, ont été colligés dans cette étude rétrospective observationnelle descriptive. Ils ont été mesurés et pesés. Résultats : 1 cas de jumeaux conjoints dicéphales sysomiens thoracodymes, 4 cas de fœtus simples : arhinencephalie (ectrorhinie). + Omphalocèle, pleurosomie, cyclocéphalie, sirénomélie. Leur poids moyen à la naissance était de 2,650 Kg. Conclusion : Les malformations fœtales congénitales sont des pathologies qui présentent un intérêt aussi bien par leur fréquence, que par leur lourdeur médicale et le devenir de l'enfant. La majorité d'entre elles sont diagnosticables au 2ème trimestre de grossesses et sont souvent en rapport avec des anomalies chromosomiques. Le pourcentage non négligeable des MFC


Subject(s)
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities , Congo , Fetal Mortality , Fetus , Pregnant Women , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
2.
Acad. anat. int ; 3(2): 9-14, 2017. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1256024

ABSTRACT

Background: Foetal biometric parameters have been used to determine the growth pattern and viability of the foetus; how ever, some studies have suggested that the foetal development are also influenced by the age of the mother and parity (birth order). This research was therefore carried out to establish the effect of maternal age and birth order on foetal biometric parameters of Nigerians. Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving a total of 167 (76 male and 91 female) foetal records obtained from a semi-automated ultra-sonographic image. Four (4) biometric parameters (femur length [FL], abdominal circumference [AC], bi-parietal diameter [BPD], and head circumference [HC], were obtained from the sonographic machine while maternal (age), and birth order were determined after clinical examination and interview by the physician. XLSTAT (Addinsoft, version 2015.4.0.1) ANOVA and correlation were used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between maternal age, birth order and the measured foetal biometric parameters. P<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean ± S.D values of the biometric parameters for both sexes were observed as follows; male (FL = 51.40 ± 18.41mm, AC = 245.56 ± 72.02mm, BPD = 67.74 ± 21.07mm, and HC = 230.07 ± 64.34mm) and female (FL = 50.6 ± 18.31mm, AC = 245.51 ± 67.64mm, BPD = 68.47 ± 20.34mm, HC = 235.07 ± 64.27mm and NBL = 8.04 ± 2.29mm). The mean values of the foetuses of the different birth orders were not significantly different (P>0.05). There was also no significant relationship between parity and maternal age on the foetal parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that maternal age and parity are not significant influencers of the foetal growth pattern and development


Subject(s)
Fetal Development , Fetus , Maternal Age , Nigeria
3.
West Afr. j. med ; 29(6): 388-392, 2010.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1273500

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effect of chronic high altitude hypoxia (CHAH) in the juxta-alveolar region near the air-blood interface is unknown because of the experimental inaccessibility of this region. OBJECTIVE: To examine primary cultures of digested juxtaalveolar smooth muscle cells for hypoxia-induced changes. METHODS: Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) obtained by dispase digestion of the extreme lung parenchyma were used to study the effect of CHAH in the juxta-alveolar region and foetal and maternal cells were compared. Pulmonary venous SMCs were also obtained from dissected 5th to 7th generation levels pulmonary veins (0.5 mm). Fluorescence tagged antibodies against alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) and calponin respectively were used as markers to identify cellular structural differences by routine immunohistochemistry. Comparison of the functional integrity of the cells was made using their growth profiles obtained by radiolabeled thymidine incorporation and liquid scintillation counting. RESULTS: Marked differences were seen in juxta-alveolar SMCs obtained by digestion of extreme lung parenchyma of hypoxic sheep. Hypoxic adult sheep cells showed increased filamentation. Hypoxic foetal sheep cells showed internal restructuring and disorganization of both alpha-SMA and calponin filaments. The growth profiles of juxta-alveolar SMCs showed that the hypoxia-affected cells of both the foetus and adult sheep had a fast initial growth rate peaking at 48h while their normoxic equivalents had a steadier growth rate peaking at 72h. Hypoxia-affected cells showed contact inhibition at ~50subconfluence and apoptosis by 48h. CONCLUSION: Chronic high altitude hypoxia causes both phenotypical and functional changes in pulmonary smooth muscle cells near the air/blood interface


Subject(s)
Actin Cytoskeleton , Fetus , Hypoxia , Lung , Muscle Cells , Muscle, Smooth
4.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1258575

ABSTRACT

Fourteen cases of abdominal pregnancy managed at the University College Hospital; Ibadan; Nigeria; over a ten-year period (January 1994 to December 2003) were reviewed. The incidence ratio of abdominal pregnancy was one in 654 deliveries. It accounted for 4.3 of ectopic pregnancies. Age range was 20 to 43 years; 63.4 of the patients were unemployed and 50 were nullipara. Pre-operative diagnosis was possible only in half of the cases. Only two patients with advanced pregnancies and live fetuses (14.3) were allowed to have conservative management while the others had immediate laparotomy. Live birth rate was 7.1; but overall fetal survival rate was 0. Fetal malformations were common; with talipes equinovarus and jaw abnormalities occurring in 49.2 and 14.3 respectively


Subject(s)
Fetus , Pregnancy Complications
5.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1277226

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIFS : Ce travail avait pour objectifs : -D'apprecier la pratique du declenchement artificiel du travail d'accouchement ; -De determiner la frequence du declenchement dans le service ; -De rapporter les resultats. PATIENTES ET METHODE : Il s'agissait d'une etude retrospective descriptive s'etendant sur 12 mois. Il a ete retenu 50 dossiers selon les criteres de selection precis. Et nous avons etudie les caracteristiques epidemiologiques des patientes; puis les parametres lies au declenchement et enfin les resultats des declenchement. RESULTATS : *le profil de la gestante beneficiant d'un declenchement. L'age moyen de nos patientes etait 28 ans. Ces gestantes etaient paucigestes (46pour cent) et paucipares (48pour cent). Dans la majorite des cas elles etaient adressees par un medecin du service (64pour cent). Dans 66pour cent des cas la grossesse etaient a terme. *La frequence du declenchement etait de 1;52pour cent ; *Les indictions son dominees par les declenchement de necessite (80pour cent) ; represente surtout par la rupture premature des membranes (40pour cent) et le depassement de terme (40pour cent) ; *Les resultas sont marques par : un taux de cesarienne de 22pour cent ; des indications de cesarienne representees par la souffrance foetale dans 72;7pour cent ; 92pour cent des nouveau-nes avec un bon indice d'APGAR ; Un enfant mort-ne ; Des suites de couche simples


Subject(s)
Fetus , Labor, Induced/epidemiology , Oxytocics
6.
West Afr. j. radiol ; 11(1): 1-7, 2004.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1273521

ABSTRACT

The intrahepatic diameter of the umbilical vein of 350 normal and singleton fetuses were measured sonographically to establish the relationship between umbilical vein diameter (UVD) and fetal growth parameters. Foetuses from 17 weeks to 40 weeks were evaluated sonographically in mothers who had no history of chronic illness or abnormal liquor volumes. The least squares method was used to fit mean UVD values against G.A. Pearson Moment Correlation analysis was also performed between the mean UVD and the other established growth parameters (BPD and AC) obtained concurrently. There was a steady increase in the foetal UVD with gestational age which is expressed by the equation. GA = 2.36 + 4.84 UVD. The fastest growth rate of the UVD occurred in the last 10 weeks of gestation with a maximum mean value of 9.85 + 0.71mm. The UVD correlated strongly and positively with both BPD and AC


Subject(s)
Fetal Diseases , Fetoscopy , Fetus , Nigeria , Radiology
7.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1277262

ABSTRACT

Notre travail est une etude de type retrospectif cas-temoins menee sur une periode allant du 1er janvier 1995 au 31 decembre 2000 a la maternite du CHU de TREICHVILLE.Il avait pour objectifs d'etudier les aspects epidemiologiques de I'H.R.P et d'en apprecier le retentissement materno-foetal.Au terme de notre etude; nous pouvons retenir les resultats suivants AU PLAN EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE:La frequence de I'H.R.P est de 1.61pour cent.la recherche des facteurs de risque a retrouve:-L'age compris entre 30 et 34 ans (39.38pour cent)-Le bas niveau socio-economique (78.46pour cent)-La multigestite (36.92pour cent) et la grande multigestite (32.62pour cent)-La multiparite (29.85pour cent)-L'insuffisance des C.P.N (86.61pour cent)-Les parturientes adressees avec complications materno-foetales (96pour cent) 'Le faible poids de naissance (38.97pour cent)-L'H.T.A (32.62pour cent)Le pronostic maternel est sombre avec un taux de deces estime a7.39pour cent.la morbidite maternelle est elevee (67.08pour cent).Le pronostic foetal est mauvais avec une mortalite foetale de 77.34pour cent et une morbidite neonatale de 7.38pour cent


Subject(s)
Fetus , Hematoma , Placenta
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