Connaissances et consommation des boissons énergisantes par des professionnels et des amateurs du football algérien / Knowledge and consumption of energy drinks by professionals and amateurs of algerian football

Introduction et objectif : Les boissons énergisantes (BE) sont de plus en plus populaires en Algérie ainsi qu'ailleurs dans le monde. Elles sont particulièrement consommées par les sportifs qui les confondent souvent avec les boissons énergétiques. Le présent travail vise à évaluer les connaissances et les habitudes de consommation des BE en milieu footballistique. Méthodes : il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive via un questionnaire auprès des professionnels et des amateurs du football du moment où ce dernier occupe une place prééminente par rapport à d'autres sports. Les données ont été traitées par les logiciels Excel et SPSS et les résultats comparatifs ont été estimés par le test de khi-deux avec un niveau de signification de p<5%. Résultats : L'étude a été réalisée auprès de 165 joueurs (appartenant à 14 clubs), 27 arbitres et 13 entraîneurs. Les résultats révèlent une consommation accrue des BE (63,90%) qui commence après le début du parcours sportif (50,38%), notamment par les jeunes joueurs et arbitres, croyant aux vertus attribuées à ces boissons, comme l'amélioration des performances, négligeant les effets potentiels sur la santé. Presque tous les enquêtés affirment connaître ces breuvages (97%), et pourtant seuls 22% connaissent leur composition, uniquement 27% font la distinction entre ces derniers et les boissons énergétiques, 16% les trouvent bonnes pour la santé et 59% pensent qu'elles améliorent les performances physiques. Conclusion : Des mesures de prévention et une réglementation spécifiques aux BE doivent être profondément étudiées et mises en place.

Introduction and objective: Energy drinks are becoming increasingly popular in Algeria and elsewhere in the world. They are particularly consumed by athletes who often confuse them with "sport drinks". This study aims to assess the knowledge and consumption habits of energy drinks in a football environment. Methods: we realized a cross-sectional survey via questionnaire among professionals and amateurs of football because the latter occupies a prominent place compared to other sports. The data were handled by Excel and SPSS softwares and the comparative results were estimated by the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 5%. Results: The study included 165 players - belonging to 14 clubs-, 27 referees and 13 coaches. Results indicate increased consumption of these drinks (63.90%) wich starts after beginning the Sports activities (50.38%), in particular by the young players and referees, believing in the virtues attributed to these beverages, such as improving performance, neglecting the potential health effects. Almost all of the investigated claim to know energy drinks (97%), and nevertheless only 22% know their composition, only 27% make the distinction between these beverages and the sport drinks, 16% find them good for the health and 59% thinks that they improve the physical performance. Conclusion: Prevention measures and regulations specific in energy drinks must be deeply studied and put in place.

Injury incidence and characteristics in South African school first team rugby: A case study

Background: Despite its apparent popularity, participation in the sport of rugby union is accompanied by a significant risk of injury. Concerned parties have recently questioned whether this risk is acceptable within school populations. This is difficult to assess within the South African schools' population as no recent longitudinal injury studies exist.Objectives: To determine the training habits, rugby-related exposure and injury risk within a population of South African high school first team rugby players.Methods: Training and match exposure in both school and provincial competition were examined and the resultant injuries were longitudinally observed for the duration of a South African high school rugby season.Results: Match (79, 95%CI 52-105 injuries/1 000 h) and training (7, 95%CI 3-11 injuries /1000h) injury incidences were demonstrated to be greater than previously reported incidences in similar populations in England and Ireland. Weeks where players were exposed to both school and provincial competition (34, 95%CI 19-49 injuries /1 000 h) had significantly (p<0.05) greater injury incidences than during school competition alone (19, 95%CI 12-26 injuries /1 000 h).Conclusion: The injury risk demonstrated was greater than expected and represents reasons for concern. Possible reasons for the high injury incidence recorded may be the frequency of games played within the season, and the overlap of school and provincial competitions. It should be noted that these results were taken from one school over one season and might not be representative of the incidence of school rugby injuries overall. However, this research demonstrates the need for a multischool longitudinal study within South African schools rugby to determine the overall risk

Concussion knowledge and attitudes among amateur South African rugby players

Background: The South African Rugby Union's BokSmart programme currently educates coaches and referees on concussion. Rugby players are often more familiar with their teammates than the coach or referee. Therefore they are well-positioned to play a pivotal role in rugby safety if they have adequate knowledge to identify subtle signs and abnormal behaviour displayed by a concussed teammate. However, no programme focuses on concussion education among South African rugby players and there is a dearth of literature on concussion education programmes among rugby players which could lead to safer return to play (RTP) habits.Objectives: To evaluate South African rugby players' concussion knowledge and attitudes/behaviours regarding RTP following a concussion.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was used. Participants (n=294) were divided into junior amateur high school (JAHS) (n=216) and senior amateur club (SAC) (n=78) players. The modified RoCKAS-ST questionnaire was used to evaluate their concussion knowledge index (CKI) and concussion attitudes/behaviours index (CAI) regarding RTP.Results: On average, 62% (JAHS) and 60% (SAC) of the CKI questions were answered correctly. JAHS participants correctly identified 66% of concussion symptoms, similarly to the SAC participants (63%), rendering similar (p=0.37) overall CKI scores when comparing the two groups. The CAI questions yielded similar (p=0.98) results between the groups, reporting safe responses in 66% (JAHS) and 67% (SAC) of the items.Discussion and conclusion: Junior and senior South African amateur rugby players lacked approximately one-third of essential concussion knowledge, which may lead to a display of unsafe attitudes/ behaviours to concussion and RTP. Further research is warranted to inform educational programmes on concussion among rugby players

HIV/AIDS knowledge and prior testing at 'Africa Goal' outreach events in east and southern Africa

Background: A quality improvement initiative was created during the 2014 Africa Goal campaign, which uses live screenings of FIFA World Cup football matches as a platform for local organizations to provide HIV outreach and services in East and Southern Africa. Materials and Methods: Survey data assessed attendees' baseline knowledge of HIV and prevalence of prior testing. Results: The data showed a high level of knowledge and prior testing among both men and women, with no statistical differences based on gender. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about HIV may be higher than previously thought in some parts of East and Southern Africa and this should inform future HIV outreach efforts

Detection de l'age osseux par l'IRM du poignet du footballeur de moins de 17 ans

Objectifs : Evaluer la place de l'IRM dans la determination de l'age osseux par l'analyse du cartilage de conjugaison de la physe radiale inferieure. Materiels et methodes: etude prospective descriptive portant sur les images d'IRM (en sequence ponderee T1) du poignet gauche de 120 joueurs des equipes nationales des moins de 17ans des republiques du Congo et de Benin. Resultats : Les joueurs etaient tous de sexe masculin. Les trois-quarts de l'effectif etaient de nationalite beninoise et le quart restant; congolaise. Ils n'avaient aucune pathologie connue. Selon leurs documents administratifs; ils etaient tous ages d'au plus 17 ans. La repartition des joueurs selon le stade de fusion de la physe radiale inferieure s'est faite comme suit : I (14;17%); II (15%); III (15%); IV (10;83%); V (30;83%) et VI (14;17%). Ainsi; apres analyse des images d'IRM; 55% des joueurs avaient un age = 17 ans. Conclusion : La declaration de naissance et l'etablissement d'un acte de naissance des les premieres heures de la vie ou encore l'absence de complaisance lors de l'etablissement des documents officiels permettront une meilleure correlation entre l'age civil declare et l'age osseux determine par une exploration d'IRM

Donnees du suivi biologique d'un groupe de footballeurs camerounais de la Ligue MTN Elite One

Objectif: Cette etude avait pour but de determiner les profils hematologiques; biochimiques et hormonaux d'un groupe de footballeurs jouant dans le championnat d'elite professionnel camerounais. Resultats: Les resultats des parametres hematologiques ont montre des diminutions significatives de la concentration en hemoglobine et en hematocrite (p0;05) pour les memes periodes (Mars-Mai et Mars-Juillet). Les analyses biochimiques ont montre une diminution significative (p0;05) du magnesium et du potassium pendant les trois periodes de prelevement. Entre les mois de Mars et Mai; les concentrations de l'acide urique et de la glycemie ont varie significativement pendant la periode de Mai a Juillet. Les triglycerides ont augmente pendant la meme periode tandis que le HDL cholesterol a diminue. Les hormones (testosterone; cortisol; epitestosterone et triiodo-tyhronine) ont varie differemment au cours du temps.Conclusion : Ces resultats montrent l'importance des parametres biologiques dans le suivi medical des footballeurs camerounais

Coping Under Pressure: Strategies for Maintaining Confidence amongst South African Soccer Coaches

Sport coaching can be a fulfilling and rewarding occupation; but can also be stressful because of the demands and expectations of various external factors. The complex and extraordinary demands placed on coaches; force them to perform multiple roles (e.g. educator; motivator; counsellor; adviser; trainer; manager and administrator). Soccer coaches face a number of challenges; frustrations; conflicts and tensions; the enormity of which is often underestimated. This notion is supported by the description of coaching as a perilous occupation in which coaches experience pressures like stress; conflict and tension; media pressure and intrusions into family life. This study explored the perceptions of South African soccer coaches in terms of the mechanisms they use to cope with potential stressors experienced in their jobs and employed a non-experimental design; using a quantitative approach; to assess stress and coping strategies of South African coaches. One hundred and twelve soccer coaches; coaching at the provincial level and higher; completed a questionnaire on stress and stress coping mechanisms used in their coaching jobs. Descriptive data analysis was completed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16). The sources of stress experienced and coping methods used by the coaches were evaluated. Results revealed that the top three sources of stress were a lack of resources; fixture backlog and games where the outcome is critical; whilst the lowest three sources of stress were political interference; physical assaults from players and substituting a player. Moreover; various coping strategies used by the coaches showed that an average of 5.68; 5.14and 89.78of the sample used maladaptive coping; emotion management coping and problem management coping strategies respectively. Academic and practical implications of the study results are discussed

Valeurs érythrocytaires de jeunes footballeurs en périodes de compétition et de treve au Benin / Erythrocyte values during competition and transition periods in young football players of Benin

Les valeurs érythrocytaires et le statut martial varient en fonction des périodes de la saison chez le sportif de haut niveau. Ces variations chez les pratiquants béninois n'ont jamais été évaluées. La présente étude a pour objectif de comparer le niveau des paramètres érythrocytaires entre de jeunes footballeurs et des non sportifs, en période de compétition et à la fin d'une trêve de 2 semaines. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective et analytique, réalisée sur 20 jeunes footballeurs de troisième division (FB), engagés dans deux compétitions différentes (scolaire et civile) et 25 jeunes non sportifs (NS). Les paramètres érythrocytaires ont été mesurés en simple aveugle, suite à 14 semaines d'entraînement et de compétition (1er prélèvement), puis après une trêve de 2 semaines succédant à 7 autres semaines de compétition (2ème prélèvement). Après les 14 semaines d'entraînement et de compétition, les paramètres étudiés étaient plus élevés chez les footballeurs que chez les non sportifs (p < 0,05). Après les 2 semaines de trêve, les variations entre test et retest ont été non significatives dans le groupe FB, de même que les différences entre les groupes FB et NS (p > 0,05). Les valeurs érythrocytaires des joueurs de football étudiés diffèrent de celles des non sportifs en période de compétition, mais pas en fin de trêve.

Seasonal Incidence and Nature of Cricket Injuries among Elite South African Schoolboy Cricketers

Objective. To identify the incidence and nature of injuries sustained by elite South African schoolboy cricketers. Design. Data were collected retrospectively using a questionnaire. Cricketers recalled all injuries from June 2003 to May 2004. Setting. The population consisted of 196 cricketers representing all provincial teams in the 2004 under-19 Coca-Cola Khaya Majola cricket week. Results. Sixty-seven injuries were sustained by 196 cricketers; with an incidence of 34.2during the period under review. Injuries occurred during matches (71.6); throughout the season due to repetitive stresses sustained during matches and practices (14.9); during practice (11.9) and during other forms of training (1.5). Bowling accounted for 50.7of the injuries; fielding 32.8; batting 14.9and the remaining 1.5occurred while warming up or training. The primary mechanism of injury occurred during the delivery stride and follow through of the fast bowler (34.3). Eighty seven per cent of the injuries were first-time injuries while 13were recurrent. Most injuries (40.6) reported were severe and took the cricketers more than 21 days to recover. Cricketers were more prone to injury during December and January. Conclusion. The incidence and nature of injuries have been recorded and potential risk factors for injury have been identified. It is suggested that coaches and cricketers partake in continuous educational processes that focus on all the physical; mental and technical components necessary for success in cricket; with a national database

Nature and Proportion of Total Injuries at the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club: a Comparason of the Years 1973 1975 with 2003 -2005A Review of Cricket Injuries and the Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Cricket Injuries at all Levels

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the nature and proportion of total injuries occurring at Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club in Stellenbosch; South Africa;between the years 1973 - 1975 and 2003 - 2005. Design. Retrospective; descriptive study. Main outcome measures. Injured rugby players from the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club from the different time periods were included in the study. Results from the 1973 - 1975 time period were obtained from two previously published articles (Roy; 1974; Van Heerden; 1976); while data from the 2003 - 2005 time period were available through the Stellenbosch University Rugby Injury Database. Results. An increase in the proportion of head and facial injuries from 1973 - 1975 (21) to 2003 - 2005 (42) was found as well as a doubling in the proportion of concussions between the two time periods (12- 23). There was an overall decrease in total injuries between the two time periods. Conclusion. The findings highlight the high and increased proportion of head and facial injuries in the game of rugby at the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club. This is a matter that should be further investigated

Valeurs erythrocytaires des jeunes footballeurs en période de compétition et de trêve au Bénin

Les valeurs erythrocytaires et le statut martial varient en fonction des periodes de la saison chez le sportif de haut niveau. Ces variations chez les pratiquants beninois n'ont jamais ete evaluees. La presente etude a pour objectif de comparer le niveau des parametres erythrocytaires entre de jeunes footballeurs et des non sportifs; en periode de competition et a la fin d'une treve de 2 semaines. Il s'agit d'une etude prospective et analytique; realisee sur 20 jeunes footballeurs de troisieme division (FB); engages dans deux competitions differentes (scolaire et civile) et 25 jeunes non sportifs (NS). Les parametres erythrocytaires ont ete mesures en simple aveugle; suite a 14 semaines d'entrai-nement et de competition (1er prelevement); puis apres une treve de 2 semaines succedant a 7 autres semaines de competition (2eme prelevement). Apres les 14 semaines d'entrainement et de competition; les parametres etudies etaient plus eleves chez les footballeurs que chez les non sportifs (p 0;05). Apres les 2 semaines de treve; les variations entre test et retest ont ete non significatives dans le groupe FB; de meme que les differences entre les groupes FB et NS (p 0;05). Les valeurs erythro- cytaires des joueurs de football etudies different de celles des non sportifs en periode de competition; mais pas en fin de trêve

Epidemiology of rugby injuries sustained by Free State University Hostel league players during the 2003 rugby season

Background: Rugby results in more hospitalisations and visits to the emergency rooms of hospitals than any other sport. It is also the sport with the highest injury rate. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and profile of the rugby injuries that were sustained by hostel-league rugby players at the University of the Free State.Methods: This analytical prospective cohort study included all the rugby players playing in the Free State University Rugby Hostel League in the 2003 rugby season. Throughout the rugby season; the rugby coaches docu-mented the dates of each practice session; the duration of each practice and the players present at each practice and each match. The captains reported the injuries in their teams. Each player also personally completed a separate injury form for each injury. All the players who had been injured gave informed; written consent for their data to be used. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Free State. The main outcome measures were the incidence of injury; injury risk per 100 hours played and the profile of the injuries.ResultsThe results of only four of the six hostels are reported due to a lack of cooperation from the other two hostels. Fifty-eight (26.4) of the 220 players were injured during the season; with 61 injuries being recorded; three of the players being injured twice. The incidence of the injuries ranged from 21.4to 32per hostel. Forty per cent of the injured players had also been injured during the previous season. Only three hostels had sufficient information for their risk per time exposure to be calculated. The risk was 0.4; 6.2 and 6.3 per 1 000 hours of exposure. The overall risk of injury per 1 000 hours of rugby played was 5.3. The majority of injuries occurred in the first league and in the lower limbs; with the most common type of injury involving ligaments. Most injuries were caused by tackling. The occurrence of injuries took place evenly throughout both halves of the matches. One date and one time interval during the rugby season stood out due to the high incidence of injuries sustained: on 9 May 2003; 10 injuries were sustained; eight in a game between the first teams of two hostels (seven from Hostel A and one from Hostel B). From 18 July 2003 to 1 August 2003 (the first three weeks after the June/July holidays); 25 injuries occurred.Conclusion: Our findings were similar to those of other studies in certain respects but differed in others. Further research should investigate the effect of coaching techniques; fitness levels; protective gear and first aid provided on the injuries sustained

Traitement des lesions meniscales par arthroscopie chez le footballeur : a propos de 22 observations colligees a la Polyclinique Internationale Sainte Anne-Marie (PISAM) - Abidjan Janvier 1994-Decembre 2002

Notre travail avait pour objectif d'analyser l'aspect diagnostic; therapeutique et l'evolution fonctionnelle post therapeutique des lesions meniscales par arthroscopie chez le footballeur. Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective qui a porte sur un effectif de 22 footballeurs des equipes de 1 ere et 2eme division de la FIF de janvier 1994 a decembre 2002; ayant eu une lesion meniscale. Au plan du diagnostic clinique; la douleur etait le signe le plus frequent (38;64pour cent) suivi des signes de la serie meniscale (20;45pour cent). La plupart des joueurs etaient vus apres un mois voire plus de six mois (72;75pour cent). Le genou droit est le genou le plus atteint (68;18pour cent). L'examen clinique a suffi pour poser le diagnostic. Le menisque interne est le menisque le plus atteint. Nous avons une dominante de lesions du cartilage articulaire a type de chondrite pour les lesions associees. L'hospitalisation a ete de 24 h au plus dans 86;36pour cent des cas. Il n'y a pas eu de complications per operatoire et post operatoire. Le resultat fonctionnel est satisfaisant confirmant ainsi les avantages indeniables de l'arthroscopie par rapport a l'arthrotomie

A study of the Pattern of Injuries during the Rugby World Cup Tournament Held in Nairobi

Rugby; like other contact sports; is associated with injuries. We set out to investigate all injuries that led either to a temporary stoppage of the game and/or substitution of a player during the Rugby World Cup pre-qualifying tournament. A total of six matches were played involving the Arabian Gulf; Kenya; Namibia and Zimbabwe. We recorded a total of 47 injuries; giving an injury rate of eight per match. The number of injuries decreased from 38.3in the first matches to 23.4in the final ones. The majority of the injuries affected soft tissues; the most serious of them being a concussion. Anatomically; the lower limbs suffered the majority of injuries (46.81) followed by the head; trunk and upper limbs with 21.29; 17.03and 12.78respectively. Slightly more injuries occurred during the defensive actions (53.19) than offensive (46.81) ones. More injuries occurred in thee second half (61.70) than the first (38.3). Some of our findings are in agreement with those of earlier studies. However; further investigations are necessary to establish a clear cut pattern of injuries in this sport

Anthrographie opaque dans les derangements internes du genou (a propos de 200 cas)

A partir d'une etude prospective portant sur 7 ans; 2000 cas de derangements internes du genou ont ete analyses. Les lesions sont frequentes chez les sujets jeunes de sexe masculin (87 pour cent) avec pour cause essentielle les traumatismes surtout lors de la pratique du football. Les resultats arthrographiques revelent l'atteinte frequente des menisques surtout avec une predominance des fissurations