ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco smoking is a source of many toxins such as free radicals, mutagenic substances as well as cause for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the impact of smoking on antioxidants in Sudanese male smokers. Methods: Cases were 85 and 48 men who smoke cigarettes (CS) and water pipe (WPS) respectively and they were compared with matching 50 non-smoking controls. Blood samples were collected and following parameters: Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, HDL, Paraoxinase, and Malondialdehyde were measured. Results: There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters between light CS and WPS compared to controls. In heavy smokers of both WPS and CS, the TC, TG, LDL, and MDA were higher than controls (p>0.05), GPx, SOD, HDL, and PON were lower in smokers than controls (p>0.05). In both groups of smokers, HDL, GPx, SOD, and PON were inversely correlated with duration of smoking (p>0.05), also, HDL was positively correlated with SOD and GPx (p>0.05). Moreover, GPx and SOD were correlated with each other in both groups of smokers (p>0.05). Conclusion: In Sudanese male smokers' biochemical profile disturbances suggest that heavy smoking was leading to developing CVD, particularly WPS
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins , Smoking , Water Pipe Smoking , Tobacco Smoking , Cigarette Smoking , Free Radicals , Sudan , Cardiovascular DiseasesSubject(s)
Antioxidants , Free Radicals , Lipid Peroxidation , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy Trimesters , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease constitutes a major public health concern in industrialized nations. Over recent decades; a large body of evidence has accumulated indicating that oxidative stress induced free radicals play a critical role in cellular processes implicated in atherosclerosis and many other heart diseases. However a diet high in antioxidants is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The compound quercetin is a dietary antioxidant with a polyphenolic structure that is present in many foods; such as onion; apples; wine and tea. An increased intake of quercetin has been correlated with a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin has been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects in animals and man besides its antioxidative and free radical scavenging actions. This paper reviews various steps of oxidative stress mediated atherogenesis and their signaling pathways and also emphasizes the role of quercetin in controlling oxidative stress and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis , Cardiovascular Diseases , Free Radicals , Oxidative Stress , Quercetin , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
The present study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activities of the various fractions of the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Coccinia grandis L. Voigt. (Cucurbitaceae). The antioxidant activities of the fractions have been evaluated by using nine in vitro assays and were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; a-tocopherol; curcumin and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). All the fractions showed effective Hdonor activity; reducing power; free radical scavenging activity; metal chelating ability and inhibition of Beta-carotene bleaching. None of the fractions exerted an obvious pro-oxidant activity. The antioxidant property depends upon concentration and increased with increasing amount of the fractions. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the fractions. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the leaves of C. grandis are a potential source of natural antioxidant
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Cucurbitaceae , Free Radicals , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
Le stress oxydant est le desequilibre entre le systeme antioxydant et le systeme radicalaire lie soit a une production excessive de radicaux libres soit a une diminution des moyens de leur degradation; entrainant ainsi des lesions biochimiques. Dans cette etude; nous nous sommes interesses a: - l'evaluation des taux plasmatiques moyens des marqueurs de la Lipoperoxydation (MDAL; MDAT et TBARS) et des vitamines Antioxydantes (vitamines A; E et B carotenes). - l'evaluation des taux moyens des vitamines antioxydantes dans les LDL.- la comparaison de tous les taux moyens a leurs valeurs usuelles d'une part; et la comparaison des taux moyens des vitamines antioxydantes dans le plasma ainsi que dans les LDL d'autre part. - une etude comparee entre les taux de TBARS des africains vivant en France et ceux vivant en cote d'Ivoire. - l'etude des correlations entre les marqueurs de la Lipoperoxydation et le sexe; l'age ainsi que les vitamines antioxydantes. Il ressort de celle etude les constats suivants: - le profil des marqueurs de la lipoperoxydation est plus eleve chez les africains vivant en France (2.08 nmol/ml) que celui de leurs compatriotes vivant en cote d'ivoire (1;12nmol/ml); d'ou l'apparition d'un stress oxydant. - l'apparition du stress oxydant est due soit a une augmentation des marqueurs de la lipoperoxydation (MDAL;MDAT et TBARS) soit a une diminution des piegeurs de radicaux libres (vitamines A; E et Beta carotenes).- le profil de la lipoperoxydation d'un individu depend de son age mais pas de son sexe